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This study explores \u2018toxic loneliness\u2019, defined as chronic loneliness accompanied by psychological distress, and investigates its associations with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), perceived social support and trait emotional intelligence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This cross\u2010sectional study utilized data from 455 adults seeking mental health services (mean age 27.2,\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2013 8.45; 65.7% female).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants completed self\u2010report measures prior to obtaining psychological services at an urban community\u2010based clinic. Two logistic regression models identified key determinants of depressed versus anxious loneliness phenotypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Childhood neglect significantly predicted anxious loneliness (OR\u2009=\u20092.45, 95% CI [1.11, 5.38],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05), while childhood abuse predicted depressed loneliness (OR\u2009=\u20092.52, 95% CI [1.04, 6.13],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Trait emotional intelligence emerged as a robust protective factor against both forms of anxious loneliness: OR\u2009=\u20090.23, 95% CI [0.17, 0.32],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001; depressed loneliness: OR\u2009=\u20090.13, 95% CI [0.08, 0.19],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001, and perceived social support was protective specifically against depressed loneliness (OR\u2009=\u20090.50, 95% CI [0.31, 0.83],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings underscore the necessity of distinguishing between toxic loneliness subtypes and highlight the importance of developmental, emotional and relational factors in shaping loneliness outcomes. Implications include the potential for tailored mental health interventions that address the unique psychological pathways underlying anxious and depressed loneliness as well as the need for early preventive efforts targeting childhood adversity and emotional development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.70066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T02:20:23Z","timestamp":1776997223000},"page":"1035-1049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Contributors to co\u2010occurring chronic loneliness and depression and anxiety and the role of adverse childhood experiences"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7659-0874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sasha","family":"Rudenstine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology The City College of New York  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmyne","family":"Pierre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology The City College of New York  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talia","family":"Schulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology The City College of New York  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology The City College of New York  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1360786031000101193"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02673843.2019.1568887"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20220174"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031473"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280946"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2010.00334.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13260"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2013.837379"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000374"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650905000103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-014-9919-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","volume-title":"BSI, Brief Symptom Inventory: Administration, Scoring & Procedures Manual","author":"Derogatis L. 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