{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T14:13:46Z","timestamp":1783433626360,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol Psychother"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n Childhood trauma has been widely associated with enduring psychological consequences; however, less is known about how such experiences are subjectively lived and made meaningful in contexts shaped by ongoing sociocultural adversity. This study explores how women seeking therapy in Kabul experience and interpret the enduring impact of childhood trauma in their adult lives.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Method<\/jats:title>\n A qualitative design grounded in Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was employed. Seven adult women were recruited through purposive homogeneous sampling from counselling and psychotherapy centres in Kabul (2025). Data were generated through in\u2010depth semi\u2010structured interviews conducted in Persian (Dari). Analysis followed the idiographic and interpretative principles of IPA, attending to participants' meaning\u2010making processes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Findings<\/jats:title>\n The analysis generated a set of interconnected experiential themes capturing the pervasive and ongoing presence of childhood trauma in participants' lives. These included constrained agency and enduring helplessness, a fractured self\u2010concept marked by shame, disruptions in intimate relationships and a persistent sense of unsafety and distrust. Trauma was not described as a past event but as an active, embodied and relational experience shaping emotional responses, self\u2010understanding and engagement with others.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Childhood trauma emerges as a continuing experiential process embedded within sociocultural conditions, including gendered expectations, chronic insecurity and economic hardship. The findings underscore the need for culturally attuned, trauma\u2010informed interventions and highlight the importance of addressing structural conditions that sustain psychological distress.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.70091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T13:17:08Z","timestamp":1783430228000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Childhood trauma and adult life among women seeking therapy in Kabul: An interpretative phenomenological analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7823-4735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aliakbar","family":"Ebrahimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology Shiraz University Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1887-668X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Goodarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology Shiraz University Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz","family":"Aflakseir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology Shiraz University Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Imani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology Shiraz University Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maasoumeh","family":"Mohtaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational Management and Planning Shiraz University Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477\u20107525\u20106\u201029"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145\u20102134(02)00541\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2023.2284025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(20)33049\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00485713\u201020050501\u201005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/PR0.104.2.509\u2010516"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","volume-title":"Trauma and recovery","author":"Herman J. L.","year":"1992"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"War exposure and mental health","volume":"70","author":"Miller K. E.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"381","article-title":"Childhood adversity global review","volume":"47","author":"Panter\u2010Brick C.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annual Review of Anthropology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"240","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental trauma","volume":"14","author":"Perry B. D.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Loss and Trauma"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","volume-title":"Interpretative phenomenological analysis","author":"Smith J. A.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","volume-title":"The body keeps the score","author":"Kolk B. A.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2022).Mental health and psychosocial support in Afghanistan: Situation report."}],"container-title":["Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/papt.70091","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/papt.70091","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/papt.70091","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T13:17:17Z","timestamp":1783430237000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/papt.70091"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"references-count":13,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/papt.70091"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/papt.70091","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-0835","2044-8341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-0835","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-8341","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"papt.70091"}}