{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T20:53:56Z","timestamp":1771016036674,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,22]],"date-time":"2013-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Biotechnology Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plants have been used as expression systems for a number of vaccines. However, the expression of vaccines in plants sometimes results in unexpected modification of the vaccines by N\u2010terminal blocking and sugar\u2010chain attachment. Although MucoRice\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTB<\/jats:styled-content> was thought to be the first cold\u2010chain\u2010free and unpurified oral vaccine, the molecular heterogeneity of MucoRice\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTB<\/jats:styled-content>, together with plant\u2010based sugar modifications of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTB<\/jats:styled-content> protein, has made it difficult to assess immunological activity of vaccine and yield from rice seed. Using a T\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> vector driven by a prolamin promoter and a signal peptide added to an overexpression vaccine cassette, we established MucoRice\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTB<\/jats:styled-content>\/Q as a new generation oral cholera vaccine for humans use. We confirmed that MucoRice\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTB<\/jats:styled-content>\/Q produces a single <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTB<\/jats:styled-content> monomer with an Asn to Gln substitution at the 4th glycosylation position. The complete amino acid sequence of MucoRice\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTB<\/jats:styled-content>\/Q was determined by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> analysis and the exact amount of expressed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTB<\/jats:styled-content> was determined by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAGE<\/jats:styled-content> densitometric analysis to be an average of 2.35\u00a0mg of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTB<\/jats:styled-content>\/g of seed. To compare the immunogenicity of MucoRice\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTB<\/jats:styled-content>\/Q, which has no plant\u2010based glycosylation modifications, with that of the original MucoRice\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTB<\/jats:styled-content>\/N, which is modified with a plant N\u2010glycan, we orally immunized mice and macaques with the two preparations. Similar levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010specific systemic IgG and mucosal IgA antibodies with toxin\u2010neutralizing activity were induced in mice and macaques orally immunized with MucoRice\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTB<\/jats:styled-content>\/Q or MucoRice\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTB<\/jats:styled-content>\/N. These results show that the molecular uniformed MucoRice\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTB<\/jats:styled-content>\/Q vaccine without plant N\u2010glycan has potential as a safe and efficacious oral vaccine candidate for human use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.12071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,22]],"date-time":"2013-04-22T05:24:41Z","timestamp":1366608281000},"page":"799-808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Induction of toxin\u2010specific neutralizing immunity by molecularly uniform rice\u2010based oral cholera toxin B subunit vaccine without plant\u2010associated sugar modification"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yoshikazu","family":"Yuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mucosal Immunology Department of Microbiology and Immunology The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mio","family":"Mejima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mucosal Immunology Department of Microbiology and Immunology The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiho","family":"Kurokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mucosal Immunology Department of Microbiology and Immunology The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Hiroiwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mucosal Immunology Department of Microbiology and Immunology The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mucosal Immunology Department of Microbiology and Immunology The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Tokuhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mucosal Immunology Department of Microbiology and Immunology The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomonori","family":"Nochi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mucosal Immunology Department of Microbiology and Immunology The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Katakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaharu","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crop Development Division NARO Agricultural Research Center Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natsumi","family":"Takeyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mucosal Immunology Department of Microbiology and Immunology The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Kashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mucosal Immunology Department of Microbiology and Immunology The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michiyo","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mucosal Immunology Department of Microbiology and Immunology The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"MG Pharma Inc. 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