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We investigated whether the tolerogenic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTA<\/jats:styled-content>1(R7K)\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content> fusion protein can be expressed in edible plants, to induce oral tolerance and protect against arthritis. The fusion protein was recombinantly expressed in <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic> plants, which were fed to H\u20102<jats:sup>q<\/jats:sup>\u2010restricted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBA<\/jats:styled-content>\/1 mice to assess the preventive effect on collagen\u2010induced arthritis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIA<\/jats:styled-content>). The treatment resulted in fewer mice exhibiting disease and arthritis scores were significantly reduced. Immune suppression was evident in treated mice, and serum biomarkers for inflammation as well as anticollagen IgG responses were reduced. In spleen and draining lymph nodes, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell responses were reduced. Concomitant with a reduced effector T\u2010cell activity with lower <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b3, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201017A production, we observed an increase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 production to recall antigen stimulation <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic>, suggesting reduced Th1, Th2 and Th17 activity subsequent to up\u2010regulated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 and regulatory T\u2010cell (Treg) functions. This study shows that edible plants expressing a tolerogen were effective at stimulating <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 T\u2010cell tolerance and in protecting against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIA<\/jats:styled-content> disease. Our study conveys optimism as to the potential of using edible plants for oral treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.12479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,25]],"date-time":"2015-09-25T05:39:02Z","timestamp":1443159542000},"page":"1106-1115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Feeding transgenic plants that express a tolerogenic fusion protein effectively protects against arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Charlotta","family":"Hansson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Sch\u00f6n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Kalbina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00d6rebro Life Science Center School of Science and Technology \u00d6rebro University \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c5ke","family":"Strid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00d6rebro Life Science Center School of Science and Technology \u00d6rebro University \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00f6ren","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00d6rebro Life Science Center School of Science and Technology \u00d6rebro University \u00d6rebro Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine \u00d6rebro University hospital \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria I.","family":"Bokarewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nils Y.","family":"Lycke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3936","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.8.3936","article-title":"Genetically engineered nontoxic vaccine adjuvant that combines B cell targeting with immunomodulation by cholera toxin A1 subunit","volume":"158","author":"Agren L.C.","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. 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