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Kiwifruit (<jats:italic>Actinidia chinensis<\/jats:italic>) is a recently domesticated fruit crop with a short history of breeding and tremendous potential for improvement. Previously, multiple kiwifruit <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CENTRORADIALIS<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEN<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>)\u2010like genes have been identified as potential repressors of flowering. In this study, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRISPR<\/jats:styled-content>\/Cas9\u2010 mediated manipulation enabled functional analysis of kiwifruit <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEN<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2010like genes <jats:italic>Ac<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEN<\/jats:styled-content>4<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ac<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEN<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>. Mutation of these genes transformed a climbing woody perennial, which develops axillary inflorescences after many years of juvenility, into a compact plant with rapid terminal flower and fruit development. The number of affected genes and alleles and severity of detected mutations correlated with the precocity and change in plant stature, suggesting that a bi\u2010allelic mutation of either <jats:italic>Ac<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEN<\/jats:styled-content>4<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Ac<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEN<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> may be sufficient for early flowering, whereas mutations affecting both genes further contributed to precocity and enhanced the compact growth habit. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRISPR<\/jats:styled-content>\/Cas9\u2010mediated mutagenesis of <jats:italic>Ac<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEN<\/jats:styled-content>4<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ac<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEN<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> may be a valuable means to engineer <jats:italic>Actinidia<\/jats:italic> amenable for accelerated breeding, indoor farming and cultivation as an annual crop.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.13021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,10]],"date-time":"2018-10-10T07:50:44Z","timestamp":1539157844000},"page":"869-880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":152,"title":["Mutagenesis of kiwifruit <i><scp>CENTRORADIALIS<\/scp><\/i>\u2010like genes transforms a climbing woody perennial with long juvenility and axillary flowering into a compact plant with rapid terminal flowering"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1068-4085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Varkonyi\u2010Gasic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The New Zealand Institute for Plant &amp; Food Research Limited (Plant &amp; Food Research) Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianchi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The New Zealand Institute for Plant &amp; Food Research Limited (Plant &amp; Food Research) Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Voogd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The New Zealand Institute for Plant &amp; Food Research Limited (Plant &amp; Food Research) Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subin","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The New Zealand Institute for Plant &amp; Food Research Limited (Plant &amp; Food Research) Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Revel S. 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