{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T02:51:37Z","timestamp":1771037497587,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]],"date-time":"2019-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Biotechnology Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gluten\u2010free foods cannot substitute for products made from wheat flour. When wheat products are digested, the remaining peptides can trigger an autoimmune disease in 1% of the North American and European population, called coeliac disease. Because wheat proteins are encoded by a large gene family, it has been impossible to use conventional breeding to select wheat varieties that are coeliac\u2010safe. However, one can test the properties of protein variants by expressing single genes in coeliac\u2010safe cereals like maize. One source of protein that can be considered as coeliac\u2010safe and has bread\u2010making properties is teff (<jats:italic>Eragrostis tef<\/jats:italic>), a grain consumed in Ethiopia. Here, we show that teff \u03b1\u2010globulin3 (Etglo3) forms storage vacuoles in maize that are morphologically similar to those of wheat. Using transmission electron microscopy, immunogold labelling shows that Etglo3 is almost exclusively deposited in the storage vacuole as electron\u2010dense aggregates. Of maize seed storage proteins, 27\u2010kDa \u03b3\u2010zein is co\u2010deposited with Etglo3. Etglo3 polymerizes via intermolecular disulphide bonds in maize, similar to wheat HMW glutenins under non\u2010reducing conditions. Crossing maize Etglo3 transgenic lines with <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2010, <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010 and <jats:italic>\u03b3\u2010zein<\/jats:italic> RNA interference (RNAi) lines reveals that Etglo3 accumulation is only dramatically reduced in <jats:italic>\u03b3\u2010zein<\/jats:italic> RNAi background. This suggests that Etglo3 and 27\u2010kDa \u03b3\u2010zein together cause storage vacuole formation and behave similar to the interactions of glutenins and gliadins in wheat. Therefore, expression of teff \u03b1\u2010globulins in maize presents a major step in the development of a coeliac\u2010safe grain with bread\u2010making properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.13273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]],"date-time":"2019-10-04T21:55:15Z","timestamp":1570226115000},"page":"1056-1065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Towards coeliac\u2010safe bread"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Waksman Institute of Microbiology Rutgers University Piscataway NJ USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiting","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Institute of Plant Physiology &amp; Ecology Shanghai 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