{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:12:13Z","timestamp":1791288733992,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637193600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\u201067013\u201026164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\u201067013\u201026164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Biotechnology Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Grains of tetraploid wheat (<jats:italic>Triticum turgidum<\/jats:italic> L.) mainly accumulate the non\u2010provitamin A carotenoid lutein\u2014with low natural variation in provitamin A \u03b2\u2010carotene in wheat accessions necessitating alternative strategies for provitamin A biofortification. Lycopene \u025b\u2010cyclase (LCYe) and \u03b2\u2010carotene hydroxylase (HYD) function in diverting carbons from \u03b2\u2010carotene to lutein biosynthesis and catalyzing the turnover of \u03b2\u2010carotene to xanthophylls, respectively. However, the contribution of <jats:italic>LCYe<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>HYD<\/jats:italic> gene homoeologs to carotenoid metabolism and how they can be manipulated to increase \u03b2\u2010carotene in tetraploid wheat endosperm (flour) is currently unclear. We isolated loss\u2010of\u2010function Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes (TILLING) mutants of <jats:italic>LCYe<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>HYD2<\/jats:italic> homoeologs and generated higher order mutant combinations of <jats:italic>lcye\u2010A<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>lcye\u2010B<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>hyd\u2010A2<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>hyd\u2010B2<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Hyd\u2010A2 hyd\u2010B2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>lcye\u2010A hyd\u2010A2 hyd\u2010B2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>lcye\u2010B hyd\u2010A2 hyd\u2010B2<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>lcye\u2010A lcye\u2010B hyd\u2010A2 hyd\u2010B2<\/jats:italic> achieved significantly increased \u03b2\u2010carotene in endosperm, with <jats:italic>lcye\u2010A hyd\u2010A2 hyd\u2010B2<\/jats:italic> exhibiting comparable photosynthetic performance and light response to control plants. Comparative analysis of carotenoid profiles suggests that eliminating <jats:italic>HYD2<\/jats:italic> homoeologs is sufficient to prevent \u03b2\u2010carotene conversion to xanthophylls in the endosperm without compromising xanthophyll production in leaves, and that \u03b2\u2010carotene and its derived xanthophylls are likely subject to differential catalysis mechanisms in vegetative tissues and grains. Carotenoid and gene expression analyses also suggest that the very low <jats:italic>LCYe\u2010B<\/jats:italic> expression in endosperm is adequate for lutein production in the absence of <jats:italic>LCYe\u2010A<\/jats:italic>. These results demonstrate the success of provitamin A biofortification using TILLING mutants while also providing a roadmap for guiding a gene editing\u2010based approach in hexaploid wheat.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.13738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T16:21:40Z","timestamp":1635178900000},"page":"564-576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Mutant combinations of <i>lycopene \u025b\u2010cyclase<\/i> and <i>\u03b2\u2010carotene hydroxylase 2<\/i> homoeologs increased \u03b2\u2010carotene accumulation in endosperm of tetraploid wheat (<i>Triticum turgidum<\/i> L.) grains"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Shu","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Dubcovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6461-6072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Applied Biosystems. 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