{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:13:14Z","timestamp":1790950394756,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2020MC029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2020MC029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Biotechnology Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Lignin is a crucial component of the cell wall, providing mechanical support and protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, little is known about wheat lignin\u2010related mutants and their roles in pathogen defence. Here, we identified an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)\u2010derived\n                    <jats:italic>Aegilops tauschii<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant named\n                    <jats:italic>brown glume and internode 1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>bgi1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), which exhibits reddish\u2010brown pigmentation in various tissues, including internodes, spikes and glumes. Using map\u2010based cloning and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, we identified\n                    <jats:italic>AET6Gv20438400<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>BGI1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) as the leading candidate gene, encoding the TaCAD1 protein. The mutation occurred in the splice acceptor site of the first intron, resulting in a premature stop codon in\n                    <jats:italic>BGI1<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We validated the function of\n                    <jats:italic>BGI1<\/jats:italic>\n                    using loss\u2010of\u2010function EMS and gene editing knockout mutants, both of which displayed reddish\u2010brown pigmentation in lignified tissues.\n                    <jats:italic>BGI1<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockout mutants exhibited reduced lignin content and shearing force relative to wild type, while\n                    <jats:italic>BGI1<\/jats:italic>\n                    overexpression transgenic plants showed increased lignin content and enhanced disease resistance against common root rot and\n                    <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic>\n                    crown rot. We confirmed that BGI1 exhibits CAD activity both\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , playing an important role in lignin biosynthesis.\n                    <jats:italic>BGI1<\/jats:italic>\n                    was highly expressed in the stem and spike, with its localisation observed in the cytoplasm. Transcriptome analysis revealed the regulatory networks associated with\n                    <jats:italic>BGI1<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Finally, we demonstrated that BGI1 interacts with TaPYL\u20101D, potentially involved in the abscisic acid signalling pathway. The identification and functional characterisation of\n                    <jats:italic>BGI1<\/jats:italic>\n                    significantly advance our understanding of CAD proteins in lignin biosynthesis and plant defence against pathogen infection in wheat.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.14604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T03:48:51Z","timestamp":1738727331000},"page":"1548-1564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Manipulation of the\n                    <i>brown glume and internode 1<\/i>\n                    gene leads to alterations in the colouration of lignified tissues, lignin content and pathogen resistance in wheat"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6141-7649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Hua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State 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