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Conventional strategies to combat pathogens, such as fungicides and disease\u2010resistant breeding, are limited by environmental contamination and emergence of pathogen resistance. Herein, we engineered sunlight\u2010sensitive and biodegradable carbon dots (CDs) capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), offering a novel and sustainable approach for plant protection. Our study demonstrates that CDs function as dual\u2010purpose materials: priming plant immune responses and serving as broad\u2010spectrum antifungal agents. Foliar application of CDs generated ROS under light, and the ROS could damage the plant cell wall and trigger cell wall\u2010mediated immunity. Immune activation enhanced plant resistance against pathogens without compromising photosynthetic efficiency or yield. Specifically, spray treatment with CDs at 240\u2009mg\/L (2\u2009mL per plant) reduced the incidence of grey mould in\n                    <jats:italic>N. benthamiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    and tomato leaves by 44% and 12%, respectively, and late blight in tomato leaves by 31%. Moreover, CDs (480\u2009mg\/L, 1\u2009mL) combined with continuous sunlight irradiation (simulated by xenon lamp, 9.4\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    lux) showed a broad\u2010spectrum antifungal activity. The inhibition ratios for mycelium growth were 66.5% for\n                    <jats:italic>P. capsici<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 8% for\n                    <jats:italic>S. sclerotiorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 100% for\n                    <jats:italic>B.\u2009cinerea<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively. Mechanistic studies revealed that CDs effectively inhibited mycelium growth by damaging hyphae and spore structures, thereby disrupting the propagation and vitality of pathogens. These findings suggest that CDs offer a promising, eco\u2010friendly strategy for sustainable crop protection, with potential for practical agricultural applications that maintain crop yields and minimize environmental impact.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.70050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]],"date-time":"2025-03-16T13:14:16Z","timestamp":1742130856000},"page":"2150-2161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Sunlight\u2010sensitive carbon dots for plant immunity priming and pathogen defence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Erfeng","family":"Kou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongxu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markita P.","family":"Landry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California  Berkeley CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honglu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1096-4255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0981-9428(02)01471-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141701"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.13807"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810206106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C3NR06079A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9343417"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s42483-024-00233-0","article-title":"Joint application of plant immunity\u2010inducing elicitors and fungicides to control Phytophthora diseases","volume":"6","author":"Chen R.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytopathol. 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