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Hydrogen sulfide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S), an important gasotransmitter, has been shown to regulate lateral root (LR) formation in plants, including peach (<jats:italic>Prunus persica<\/jats:italic>). However, its specific regulatory mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we show that the energy\/metabolic sensor SUCROSE NON\u2010FERMENTING RELATED KINASE 1 (SnRK1) mediates the control of peach LR growth by H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S. PpSnRK1 activity in peach roots is enhanced with H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S to promote LR generation. Cys419, Cys430 and Cys505 residues in the catalytic \u03b1\u2010subunit of PpSnRK1 are modified by H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S persulfidation. Reduced persulfidation inhibits the H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S\u2010induced PpSnRK1 activity. Mutating Cys419 and Cys430 of PpSnRK1\u03b1 severely impedes H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S\u2010promoted LR formation. LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN 16 (LBD16) is a transcription factor essential for LR initiation. Further evidence shows that PpSnRK1\u03b1 interacts with PpLBD16 in the nucleus, thereby enhancing the transcription of LR development\u2010related genes <jats:italic>PpCNGC1<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE\u2010GATED ION CHANNEL 1<\/jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>PpEXPB2<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>EXPANSIN\u2010B2<\/jats:italic>). In peach roots, transcription of these two genes is markedly up\u2010regulated by H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S\u2010induced PpSnRK1 activity. Silencing of <jats:italic>PpLBD16<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>PpEXPB2<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>PpCNGC1<\/jats:italic> significantly reduces exogenous H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S\u2010induced LR formation. In situ hybridization analysis shows that they are strongly expressed in peach LR primordia along with <jats:italic>PpSnRK1\u03b1<\/jats:italic>. Our data reveal an interaction between H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S signal and SnRK1 kinase, providing mechanistic insights into the shaping of agronomically important root systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.70245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T12:15:44Z","timestamp":1751631344000},"page":"4395-4411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Hydrogen sulfide promotes lateral root formation in peach through persulfidation of <scp>SnRK1\u03b1<\/scp> kinase"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9476-4201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuelian","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University  Taian 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