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Isoprene is a five\u2010carbon volatile hydrocarbon with industrial use as a feedstock for rubber production and chemical synthesis and is, at present, generated from crude oil sources. It is, however, possible to produce isoprene using photoautotrophic microorganisms such as cyanobacteria, heterologously expressing the plant enzyme isoprene synthase. Here, we have employed diverse metabolic engineering strategies to develop new strains of the unicellular cyanobacterium\n                    <jats:italic>Synechocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. PCC 6803 capable of high\u2010level isoprene production from CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and have characterised the resulting strains regarding growth, stability and productivity. The new isoprene\u2010producing strains address several challenges in large\u2010scale photobiotechnological production such as genetic and metabolic stability, biosafety and thermotolerance. Moreover, we tested photosynthetic terpenoid production in photobioreactors under process\u2010relevant conditions, achieving the highest volumetric productivities reported so far for a terpene or terpenoid product in cyanobacteria, reaching 148\u2009mg\u2009L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    day\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Furthermore, we identified and discussed process limitations, laying the foundation for further strain and process engineering towards highly efficient and stable cyanobacterial hydrocarbon production at large scale without selection pressure.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.70395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T21:17:16Z","timestamp":1759958236000},"page":"1014-1030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Engineering Cyanobacteria for High\u2010Yield Photosynthetic Isoprene Production With Long\u2010Term Phenotypic Stability"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Kim N.","family":"Janssen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry\u2014\u00c5ngstr\u00f6m Uppsala University  Uppsala 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