{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T02:45:56Z","timestamp":1785725156253,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766448000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFA0908000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFA0908000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Biotechnology Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Apiin, an active flavonoid apioside, occurs in phylogenetically distant plants, such as parsley and chilli pepper (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Capsicum annuum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    L.). Its sporadic distribution suggests the existence of convergent apiin biosynthesis; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this convergence remain unclear. In this study, apiin biosynthesis in chilli pepper was comprehensively clarified. The structural genes involved in the biosynthesis of apigenin 7\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010glucoside, a precursor of apiin, were conserved using a homology\u2010based approach. An apiin\u2010biosynthetic apiosyltransferase (ApiGT), CaApiGT1, was identified from\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Capsicum annuum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    using comparative transcriptomic technology and in\u00a0vitro enzymatic assays. Despite its strict specificity for the UDP\u2010apiose donor, CaApiGT1 recognised multiple acceptors, including flavonoid 7\u2010, 4\u2032\u2010and 3\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010glycosides. The sequence identity between CaApiGT1 and other apiin\u2010biosynthetic ApiGTs was below 30%. CaApiGT1 (UGT79) and other apiin\u2010biosynthetic ApiGTs (UGT94) belong to different UDP\u2010dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT) families. These evidences collectively confirmed that CaApiGT1 is a novel ApiGT. Thus, convergent apiin biosynthesis was essentially caused by the convergent evolution of ApiGTs, rather than by distinct biosynthetic pathways between phylogenetically distant plants. Subsequently, CaApiGT1 was expressed in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    to construct an engineered strain (EAA3PF) for apiin synthesis from apigenin. Additionally, an engineered\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    strain (YA3P) was developed for\n                    <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                    apigenin synthesis. Co\u2010cultivation of EAA3PF and YA3P reconstitutes the apiin biosynthetic pathway. This study provides new insight into the molecular convergence and\n                    <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                    reconstitution of apiin biosynthesis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.70510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T14:09:23Z","timestamp":1766498963000},"page":"2562-2575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Convergent Evolution and\n                    <i>De Novo<\/i>\n                    Reconstitution of Apiin Biosynthesis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Zhen","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products &amp; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs)  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng\u2010Shuang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products &amp; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs)  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai\u2010Zhu","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products &amp; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs)  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian\u2010Qiang","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products &amp; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs)  Beijing 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