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Aquaporins are membrane channels that facilitate the transport of water and other small compounds, therefore regulating the growth\u2010defence trade\u2010offs. However, the molecular mechanism that governs the function of aquaporins in the trade\u2010offs remains unclear. Here, we report that\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Triticum aestivum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    TaPIP1;6 and TaPIP2;10, aquaporins of the plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) family, function as dual substrate channels that concurrently enhance plant growth and resistance to powdery mildew and English grain aphid. In wheat plants growing under normal conditions, TaPIP1;6 and TaPIP2;10 facilitate CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    transport from the atmosphere into wheat cells and promote photosynthesis, which leads to growth enhancement and grain yield increase. In wheat plants under attack by powdery mildew pathogen or English grain aphid, TaPIP1;6 and TaPIP2;10 function as concurrent H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    transport channels, mediating the influx of apoplastic H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    into the cytoplasm. In turn, the transported H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    activates innate immunity, including the MAPK cascade, callose deposition and defence gene expression, and thereby enhances wheat resistance to powdery mildew and the English grain aphid. In essence, co\u2010overexpression of\n                    <jats:italic>TaPIP1;6<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>TaPIP2;10<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibits synergistic effects on CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    transports, further amplifying both yield and resistance traits. Taken together, our results suggest that TaPIP1;6 and TaPIP2;10 function as dual\u2010substrate transporting channels to promote growth by regulating CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    transport and to enhance resistance against pathogens and insects via H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010mediated immune responses. This finding provides crucial genetic targets for breeding crop varieties combining high yield with resistance traits.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.70648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T09:51:24Z","timestamp":1774345884000},"page":"4487-4499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Two Aquaporins Mitigate Growth\u2010Defence Trade\u2010Offs by Facilitating CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    and H\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    O\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Transport in Wheat"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University  Taian Shandong China"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement Shandong Agricultural University  Taian Shandong China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Center for Crop Microstructure Research Shandong Agricultural University  Taian Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University  Taian Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University  Taian Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University  Taian Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyang","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural 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