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However, the roles of the majority WRKY family members, especially in non\u2010model plants, remain poorly understood. We identified<jats:italic>CaWRKY40<\/jats:italic>from pepper. Transient expression in onion epidermal cells showed that CaWRKY40 can be targeted to nuclei and activates expression of a W\u2010box\u2010containing reporter gene.<jats:italic>CaWRKY40<\/jats:italic>transcripts are induced in pepper by<jats:italic>Ralstonia solanacearum<\/jats:italic>and heat shock. To assess roles of<jats:italic>CaWRKY40<\/jats:italic>in plant stress responses we performed gain\u2010 and loss\u2010of\u2010function experiments. Overexpression of<jats:italic>CaWRKY40<\/jats:italic>enhanced resistance to<jats:italic>R.\u2003solanacearum<\/jats:italic>and tolerance to heat shock in tobacco. In contrast, silencing of<jats:italic>CaWRKY40<\/jats:italic>enhanced susceptibility to<jats:italic>R.\u2003solanacearum<\/jats:italic>and impaired thermotolerance in pepper. Consistent with its role in multiple stress responses, we found<jats:italic>CaWRKY40<\/jats:italic>transcripts to be induced by signalling mechanisms mediated by the stress hormones salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET). Overexpression of<jats:italic>CaWRKY40<\/jats:italic>in tobacco modified the expression of hypersensitive response (HR)\u2010associated and pathogenesis\u2010related genes. Collectively, our results suggest that<jats:italic>CaWRKY40<\/jats:italic>orthologs are regulated by SA, JA and ET signalling and coordinate responses to<jats:italic>R.\u2003solanacearum<\/jats:italic>attacks and heat stress in pepper and tobacco.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,20]],"date-time":"2012-09-20T13:03:08Z","timestamp":1348146188000},"page":"757-774","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":288,"title":["CaWRKY40, a WRKY protein of pepper, plays an important role in the regulation of tolerance to heat stress and resistance to<i>Ralstonia solanacearum<\/i>infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"FENG\u2010FENG","family":"DANG","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YU\u2010NA","family":"WANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LU","family":"YU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"THOMAS","family":"EULGEM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YAN","family":"LAI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ZHI\u2010QIN","family":"LIU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"XU","family":"WANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AI\u2010LIAN","family":"QIU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TING\u2010XIU","family":"ZHANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JING","family":"LIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YAN\u2010SHENG","family":"CHEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DE\u2010YI","family":"GUAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HAN\u2010YANG","family":"CAI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SHAO\u2010LIANG","family":"MOU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SHUI\u2010LIN","family":"HE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2009.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811734106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.107.050427"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.254.5035.1194"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erg289"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ChenL. 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