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We tested the hypothesis that the physical and chemical resistance against aphids would be increased in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>emalong (a wild type of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>edicago truncatula<\/jats:italic>) but would be decreased in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>dnf1<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> (a mutant without biological nitrogen fixation) by elevated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content>. The non\u2010glandular and glandular trichome density of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>emalong plants increased under elevated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content>, resulting in prolonged aphid probing. In contrast, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>dnf1<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> plants tended to decrease foliar trichome density under elevated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content>, resulting in less surface and epidermal resistance to aphids. Elevated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content> enhanced the ineffective salicylic acid\u2010dependent defence pathway but decreased the effective jasmonic acid\/ethylene\u2010dependent defence pathway in aphid\u2010infested <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>emalong plants. Therefore, aphid probing time decreased and the duration of phloem sap ingestion increased on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>emalong under elevated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content>, which, in turn, increased aphid growth rate. Overall, our results suggest that elevated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content> decreases the chemical resistance of wild\u2010type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>.\u2009truncatula<\/jats:italic> against aphids, and that the host's biological nitrogen fixation ability is central to this effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,24]],"date-time":"2014-02-24T17:42:26Z","timestamp":1393263746000},"page":"2158-2168","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Elevated <scp><scp>CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/scp><\/scp> alters the feeding behaviour of the pea aphid by modifying the physical and chemical resistance of <scp><i>M<\/i><\/scp><i>edicago truncatula<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"HUIJUAN","family":"GUO","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100101 China"},{"name":"Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100049 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YUCHENG","family":"SUN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100101 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YUEFEI","family":"LI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100101 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