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By exposing intact flowers to a range of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> pressures (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>o<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and measuring <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>\u1e40<\/jats:italic>o<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, we demonstrate that the highest respiration rates exceed the capacity of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> diffusive pathway and become diffusion limited in atmospheric air. The male florets on the inflorescence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>rum concinnatum<\/jats:italic> have the highest known mass\u2010specific <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>\u1e40<\/jats:italic>o<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and can be severely diffusion limited. Intact spadices of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>apanese skunk cabbage <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>ymplocarpus renifolius<\/jats:italic> are diffusion limited in air only when <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>\u1e40<\/jats:italic>o<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> is maximal, but not at lower levels. True flowers of the sacred lotus <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>elumbo nucifera<\/jats:italic> and the appendix of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>rum concinnatum<\/jats:italic> are never diffusion limited in air. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>\u1e40<\/jats:italic>o<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> \u2013 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>o<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> curves are evaluated quantitatively with the \u2018Regulation Index\u2019, a new tool to measure dependence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>\u1e40<\/jats:italic>o<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> on ambient <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>o<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, as well as the conventional \u2018Critical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>o<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2019. The study also includes measurements of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>o<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> within thermogenic tissues with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010sensitive fibre optics, and reveals that the diffusion pathway is complicated and that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> can be provided not only from the surface of the tissues but also from the pith of the flower's peduncle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,25]],"date-time":"2014-09-25T06:20:08Z","timestamp":1411626008000},"page":"827-837","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The oxygen supply to thermogenic flowers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"ROGER S.","family":"SEYMOUR","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KIKUKATSU","family":"ITO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cryobiofrontier Research Center Faculty of Agriculture Iwate University  Ueda Morioka Iwate 020\u20108550 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YUI","family":"UMEKAWA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cryobiofrontier Research Center Faculty of Agriculture Iwate University  Ueda Morioka Iwate 020\u20108550 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PHILIP D. 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