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However, whether high temperature exposure affects induced 2n pollen viability remains unknown. To clarify whether high temperature exposure affected the induced 2n pollen viability, 2n pollen induced by 38 and 41\u00a0\u00b0C temperatures, pollen morphology, 2n pollen germination <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, and crossing induced 2n pollen with normal gametes to produce a triploid was, based on observations of meiosis, conducted in <jats:italic>Populus canescens<\/jats:italic>. We found that the dominant meiotic stages (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a056.6, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) and the treatment duration (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a021.4, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) significantly affected the occurrence rate of induced 2n pollen. A significant decrease in pollen production and an increase in aborted pollen were observed (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). High temperature sometimes affected in ectexine deposition and some narrow furrows were also analysed via details of ectexine structure. However, no significant difference in 2n pollen germination rate was observed between natural 2n pollen (26.7%) and high\u2010temperature\u2010induced 2n pollen (26.2%), and 42 triploids were created by crossing high\u2010temperature\u2010induced 2n pollen, suggesting that 38 and 41\u00a0\u00b0C temperatures exposure will not result in dysfunctional induced 2n pollen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.13165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,12]],"date-time":"2018-02-12T04:06:35Z","timestamp":1518408395000},"page":"1383-1393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["High temperature exposure did not affect induced 2n pollen viability in <i>Populus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Mengdi","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding  No.35, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District 100083 Beijing 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Qinghua East Road, Haidian District 100083 Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding  No.35, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District 100083 Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Key laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry University  No.35, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District 100083 Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"School of Bioscience and Biotechnology Beijing Forestry University  No.35, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District 100083 Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyang","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding  No.35, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District 100083 Beijing People's 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