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In this study, we report the novel physiological roles of cholesterol in regulation of plant growth and drought tolerance. Compared with the wild type, sterol\u2010C24\u2010methyltransferase 1 (<jats:italic>SMT1<\/jats:italic>) gene transcript was greatly reduced in a bermudagrass mutant with dwarfism and enhanced drought tolerance, accompanied with cholesterol accumulation, elevated transcript levels of a small group of genes including <jats:italic>SAMDC<\/jats:italic>, and increased concentrations of putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm). Knock\u2010down of <jats:italic>OsSMT1<\/jats:italic> expression by RNA interference resulted in similar phenotypic changes in transgenic rice. Moreover, exogenously applied cholesterol also led to elevated transcripts of a similar set of genes, higher levels of Put, Spd, and Spm, improved drought tolerance, and reduced plant height in both bermudagrass and rice. We revealed that it is Spm, but not Spd, that is responsible for the height reduction in bermudagrass and rice. In conclusion, we suggest that cholesterol induces expression of <jats:italic>SAMDC<\/jats:italic> and leads to dwarfism and elevated drought tolerance in plants as a result of the promoted Spd and Spm synthesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.13168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]],"date-time":"2018-02-21T20:42:36Z","timestamp":1519245756000},"page":"1417-1426","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Cholesterol accumulation by suppression of <i>SMT1<\/i> leads to dwarfism and improved drought tolerance in herbaceous plants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Miao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro\u2010bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou 510642 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