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Here, we show that four\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains,\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella boydii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                    2a, and\n                    <jats:italic>S.\u00a0flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                    5a, proliferate at different levels in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Microscopic studies revealed that these bacteria were present inside leaves and damaged plant cells. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)\u2010tagged\n                    <jats:italic>S.\u00a0boydii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S.\u00a0flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                    5a colonized leaves only, whereas\n                    <jats:italic>S.\u00a0flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                    2a colonized both leaves and roots. Using\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants lacking type III secretion systems (T3SSs), we found that T3SSs that regulate the pathogenesis of shigellosis in humans also play a central role in bacterial proliferation in\n                    <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Strikingly, the immunosuppressive activity of two T3S effectors, OspF and OspG, was required for proliferation of\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    in\n                    <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Of note, delivery of OspF or OspG effectors inside plant cells upon\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    inoculation was confirmed using a split GFP system. These findings demonstrate that the human pathogen\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    can proliferate in plants by adapting immunosuppressive machinery used in the original host human.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.13603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T04:33:51Z","timestamp":1561696431000},"page":"2962-2978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["A human pathogenic bacterium\n                    <i>Shigella<\/i>\n                    proliferates in plants through adoption of type III effectors for shigellosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Sung Hee","family":"Jo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Systems Engineering Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)  Daejeon 34141 South Korea"},{"name":"Department of 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