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Most evidence for this phenomenon derives from studies in herbaceous plants but studies in woody plants are scarce. Here we investigated whether and how BG herbivory on black poplar (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Populus nigra<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) trees by <jats:italic>Melolontha melolontha<\/jats:italic> larvae influences the feeding preference of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Lymantria dispar<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> (gypsy moth) caterpillars. In a food choice assay, caterpillars preferred to feed on leaves from trees that had experienced attack by BG herbivores. Therefore, we investigated the effect of BG herbivory on the phytochemical composition of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P. nigra<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> trees alone and in combination with AG feeding by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>L. dispar<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> caterpillars. BG herbivory did not increase systemic AG tree defences like volatile organic compounds, protease inhibitors and salicinoids. Jasmonates and salicylic acid were also not induced by BG herbivory in leaves but abscisic acid concentrations drastically increased together with proline and few other amino acids. Leaf coating experiments with amino acids suggest that proline might be responsible for the caterpillar feeding preference <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> presumptive phagostimulatory properties. This study shows that BG herbivory in poplar can modify the feeding preference of AG herbivores <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> phytochemical changes as a consequence of root\u2010to\u2010shoot signaling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.13628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,27]],"date-time":"2019-07-27T14:44:43Z","timestamp":1564238683000},"page":"3293-3307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Aboveground phytochemical responses to belowground herbivory in poplar trees and the consequence for leaf herbivore preference"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Lackner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology  07745 Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie 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