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Using a comprehensive RNA\u2010sequencing analysis, we show that early transcriptional responses triggered by each of the most abundant polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine, thermospermine and cadaverine) exhibit specific quantitative differences, suggesting that polyamines (rather than downstream metabolites) elicit defense responses. Signaling by putrescine, which accumulates in response to bacteria that trigger effector triggered immunity (ETI) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR), is largely dependent on the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, and is partly dependent on salicylic acid (SA), the expression of <jats:italic>ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>EDS1<\/jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>NONEXPRESSOR of PR GENES1<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>NPR1<\/jats:italic>). Putrescine elicits local SA accumulation as well as local and systemic transcriptional reprogramming that overlaps with SAR. Loss\u2010of\u2010function mutations in arginine decarboxylase 2 (<jats:italic>ADC2<\/jats:italic>), which is required for putrescine synthesis and copper amine oxidase (<jats:italic>CuAO<\/jats:italic>), which is involved in putrescine oxidation, compromise basal defenses, as well as putrescine and pathogen\u2010triggered systemic resistance. These findings confirm that putrescine elicits ROS\u2010dependent SA pathways in the activation of plant defenses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.13874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]],"date-time":"2020-08-25T08:18:53Z","timestamp":1598343533000},"page":"2755-2768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Putrescine elicits <scp>ROS<\/scp>\u2010dependent activation of the salicylic acid pathway in <scp><i>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/i><\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Changxin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kostadin E.","family":"Atanasov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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