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Here, the interaction between tomato and pathogens was examined under four N regimes (sole NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    or mixed NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/NH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    of total 1 and 7\u2009mM\u2009N, denoting low and high N regimes, respectively) followed by inoculation with two bacterial pathogens,\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas syringae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Ralstonia solanacearum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Tomato immunity against both pathogens was generally higher under low N as well as NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    as the sole N source. The disease susceptibility was reduced by silencing N metabolism genes such as\n                    <jats:italic>NR<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>NiR<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Fd\u2010GOGAT<\/jats:italic>\n                    , while increased in\n                    <jats:italic>NiR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010overexpressed plants. Further studies demonstrated that the N\u2010modulated defence was dependent on the salicylic acid (SA) defence pathway. Low N as well as the silencing of N metabolism genes increased the SA levels and transcripts of its maker genes, and low N\u2010enhanced defence was blocked in NahG transgenic tomato plants that do not accumulate SA, while exogenous SA application attenuated the susceptibility of OE\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>NiR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The study provides insights into the mechanisms of how nitrogen fertilization and metabolism affect plant immunity in tomato, which might be useful for designing effective agronomic strategies for the management of N supply.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.14019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]],"date-time":"2021-02-06T06:42:55Z","timestamp":1612593775000},"page":"1596-1610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Nitrogen forms and metabolism affect plant defence to foliar and root pathogens in tomato"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Shuting","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangqi","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture Zhejiang 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