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Roots, as the first point of contact, are essential in endowing plants with tolerance to excess metal(loid) in the soil. The most important root processes that contribute to tolerance are: adaptation of transport processes that affect uptake efflux and long\u2010distance transport of metal(loid)s; metal(loid) detoxification within root cells via conjugation to thiol rich compounds and subsequent sequestration in the vacuole; plasticity in root architecture; the presence of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere that impact on metal(loid) bioavailability; the role of root exudates. In this review, we provide details on these processes and assess their relevance on the detoxification of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and zinc in crops. Furthermore, we assess which of these strategies have been tested in field conditions and whether they are effective in terms of improving crop metal(loid) tolerance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.14188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]],"date-time":"2021-10-09T21:22:27Z","timestamp":1633814547000},"page":"719-736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["The role of roots and rhizosphere in providing tolerance to toxic metals and metalloids"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0955-7425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorina","family":"Podar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology\u2010Geology Babe\u0219\u2010Bolyai University Cluj Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6033-6428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frans J. 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