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This reaction is catalysed by SA hydroxylase enzymes, which hydroxylate SA producing 2,3\u2010dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3\u2010DHBA) and\/or 2,5\u2010dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5\u2010DHBA). Several SA hydroxylases have recently been identified and characterised from different plant species, but no such activity has yet been reported in maize. In this work, we describe the identification and characterisation of a new SA hydroxylase in maize plants. This enzyme, with high sequence similarity to previously described SA hydroxylases from Arabidopsis and rice, converts SA into 2,5\u2010DHBA; however, it has different kinetic properties to those of previously characterised enzymes, and it also catalysers the conversion of the flavonoid dihydroquercetin into quercetin in in vitro activity assays, suggesting that the maize enzyme may have different roles in vivo to those previously reported from other species. Despite this, ZmS5H can complement the pathogen resistance and the early senescence phenotypes of Arabidopsis <jats:italic>s3h<\/jats:italic> mutant plants. Finally, we characterised a maize mutant in the <jats:italic>S5H<\/jats:italic> gene (<jats:italic>s5h<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>Mu<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>) that has altered growth, senescence and increased resistance against <jats:italic>Colletotrichum graminicola<\/jats:italic> infection, showing not only alterations in SA and 2,5\u2010DHBA but also in flavonol levels. Together, the results presented here provide evidence that SA hydroxylases in different plant species have evolved to show differences in catalytic properties that may be important to fine tune SA levels and other phenolic compounds such as flavonols, to regulate different aspects of plant development and pathogen defence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.14929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T11:19:07Z","timestamp":1714475947000},"page":"3111-3131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A maize enzyme from the 2\u2010oxoglutarate\u2010dependent oxygenase family with unique kinetic properties, mediates resistance against pathogens and regulates senescence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Paloma","family":"Serra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudios Fotosint\u00e9ticos y Bioqu\u00edmicos Universidad Nacional 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