{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T03:55:11Z","timestamp":1783742111418,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Cell &amp; Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plants regulate gas exchange with the environment and modulate transpirational water flow through guard cells, which set the aperture of the stomatal pores. External and internal stimuli are detected by guard cells and integrated into a signalling network that modulate turgor pressure and, hence, pore size. Pathogen\u2010associated molecular patterns are among the stimuli that induce stomatal closure, to prevent pathogen entry through the pores, and this response, also referred to as stomatal immunity, is one of the hallmarks of PAMP\u2010triggered immunity. While reactive oxygen species (ROS)\u2010mediated signalling plays a key role in stomatal immunity, also the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulphide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S) interacts with key components of the guard cell signalling network to induce stomatal closure. While the role of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S, produced by the main cytosolic source L\u2010cysteine desulfhydrase 1, has been already investigated, there are additional enzymatic sources that synthesize H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S in different subcellular compartments. Their function has remained enigmatic, however. In this work, we elucidate the involvement of the mitochondrial H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S source, \u03b2\u2010cyanoalanine synthase CAS\u2010C1, on stomatal immunity induced by the bacterial PAMP flagellin (flg22). We show that <jats:italic>cas\u2010c1<\/jats:italic> plants are impaired to induce flg22\u2010triggered stomatal closure and apoplastic ROS production, while they are more susceptible to bacterial surface inoculation. Moreover, mitochondrial H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S donor AP39 induced stomatal closure in an RBOHD\u2010dependent manner, while depletion of endogenous H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S, impaired RBOHD\u2010mediated apoplastic ROS production. In addition, pharmacological disruption of mitochondrial electron transport chain activity, affected stomatal closure produced by flg22, indicating its participation in the stomatal immunity response. Our findings add evidence to the emerging realization that intracellular organelles play a decisive role in orchestrating stomatal signalling and immune responses and suggest that mitochondrial\u2010derived H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S is an important player of the stomatal immunity signalling network.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.15155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T21:17:19Z","timestamp":1726607839000},"page":"537-552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Mitochondrial \u00df\u2010Cyanoalanine Synthase Participates in flg22\u2010Induced Stomatal Immunity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2910-1927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosario","family":"Pantaleno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Mar del Plata Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0174-0786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise","family":"Scuffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Mar del Plata Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1656-1626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Schiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Mar del Plata Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0796-8308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Schwarzl\u00e4nder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP) University of M\u00fcnster M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2628-1176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4243-0554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Mar del Plata Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.110.081224"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erab137"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcy047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiac603"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.16380"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2014.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erx294"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9070621"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.01369"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.01221"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.16.1.221"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105346"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2020.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2020.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/plb.13376"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12773"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2011.02477.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.19.00912"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2017.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.5963"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.13570"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-01-16-0003-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00205"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.15.00887"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.110.076828"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.113.219436"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2010.03465.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20493"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1016060108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1364-3703.2010.00615.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00038.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07608.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-016-1128-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2023.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15985"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2010.04155.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-017-3335-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.12571"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05286"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2015.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2023.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2010.02253.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-042809-112226"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.12.12.2339"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.016014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdg277"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-050718-100251"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plcell\/koab148"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477-022-01165-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15601-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mp\/ssu061"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28263-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(92)81176-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2010.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xplc.2021.100179"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900206106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.121107.104959"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.06.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.16.01853"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.19.01351"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.110.154567"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2006.02888.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2013.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2018.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15550"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.021303"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiac591"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.17113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.114.256057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-092910-154055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiac601"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.12654"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1704754114"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-12-12-0288-CR"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.52.1.627"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/338427a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.11.5025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.114.245373"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.17.01636"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2010.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.19.00826"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-017-1175-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.16.00328"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2016.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12369"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.15.01237"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.2009.01326.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.012452499"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.106.079467"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313X.1998.00136.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.01851"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiaa095"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcv122"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.8b00463"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2020.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1711497115"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-010-1134-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2020.110464"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.107.106831"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22259\/2637-5338.0101002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Willmer C. andM.Fricker.1996.Stomata. London UK: Chapman & Hall.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-011-0579-8.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-0579-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2032-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-023-04167-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/41.4.465"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.13723"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/psb.5.8.12297"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7909.2008.00769.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7909.2009.00885.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.13685"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cr.7290086"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1511182112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2021.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02485"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.10.007"}],"container-title":["Plant, Cell &amp; Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pce.15155","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T09:56:28Z","timestamp":1735206988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pce.15155"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pce.15155"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pce.15155","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-7791","1365-3040"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-7791","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3040","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}