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Regulation of the balance between these reactions under atmospheric CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> fluctuations remains poorly understood. We have hypothesised that vascular plants maintain organic carbon\u2010to\u2010nitrogen homoeostasis by adjusting the relative activities of magnesium and manganese in chloroplasts to balance carbon fixation and nitrate assimilation rates. The following examined the influence of magnesium and manganese on carboxylation and oxygenation for rubisco purified from two ecotypes of <jats:italic>Plantago lanceolata<\/jats:italic> L.: one adapted to the elevated CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> atmospheres that occur near a natural CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> spring and the other adapted to more typical CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> atmospheres that occur nearby. The plastid DNA coding for the large unit of rubisco was similar in both ecotypes. The kinetics of rubiscos from the two ecotypes differed more when associated with manganese than magnesium. Specificity for CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> over O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>c\/o<\/jats:sub>) for rubisco from both ecotypes was higher when the enzymes were bound to magnesium than manganese. Differences in the responses of rubisco from <jats:italic>P. lanceolata<\/jats:italic> to the metals may account for the adaptation of this species to different CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.15346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T11:51:57Z","timestamp":1735041117000},"page":"3159-3170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Carboxylation and Oxygenation Kinetics and Large Subunit (<i>rbcL<\/i>) DNA Sequences for Rubisco From Two Ecotypes of <i>Plantago lanceolata<\/i> L. That Are Native to Sites Differing in Atmospheric CO<sub>2<\/sub> Levels"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences University of California at Davis Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan M.","family":"Hannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences University of California at Davis Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6006-1495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnold J.","family":"Bloom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences University of California at Davis Davis California 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