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Inoculation with AM fungi can promote nodulation and N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> fixation of legume plants; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, root exudates collected from AM\u2010colonised soybean plants showed greater accumulation of the specific flavonoids (daidzein and genistein) and phenolic acids (benzoic acid and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010Hydroxybenzoic acid), and significantly promoted nodulation. Furthermore, the exudates from AM\u2010colonised roots and the derived specific flavonoids and phenolic acids effectively increased rhizobial growth, chemotaxis, biofilm formation. Addition of the specific synthetic root exudates enhanced nodulation and N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> fixation, and expression of the core nodulation genes in soybean. Overexpression of a phenylalanine ammonia\u2010lyase gene, <jats:italic>GmPAL2.4<\/jats:italic> markedly upregulated the expression of the genes related to the biosynthesis of daidzein, genistein, benzoic acid, and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010Hydroxybenzoic acid, and increased accumulation of these specific flavonoids and phenolic acids in the transgenic plants, thus enhancing nodulation and N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> fixation. In summary, we demonstrated a crucial role of specific flavonoids and phenolic acids induced by AM symbiosis in promoting rhizobium\u2010host symbiosis. This offers a pathway for improving symbiotic efficiency through the use of specific synthetic compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.15529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T05:55:35Z","timestamp":1744091735000},"page":"5514-5528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Promote Nodulation and N<sub>2<\/sub> Fixation in Soybean by Specific Root Exudates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7686-7940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Root Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Subtropical Agro\u2010bioresources South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 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