{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T11:08:59Z","timestamp":1783163339600,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Cell &amp;amp; Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Far\u2010red light (FR) alone drives photosynthesis poorly, but when combined with shorter wavelengths it enhances photosynthesis beyond the sum of their individual effects\u2014a phenomenon known as the Emerson enhancement effect. This effect is well\u2010established for narrowband PAR\u2010FR mixtures, and recent results show it also occurs within broadband \u201cwhite\u201d light, though the spectra investigated differed from those observed under natural conditions. In this study, we used simulated sun and foliar shade spectra (SUN and SHADE) during growth and measurements of mature tomato leaves to determine quantum yield for CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> assimilation (\u03a6<jats:sub>CO2<\/jats:sub>) on an absorbed light basis under SUN and SHADE, 17 narrowband irradiances, and combinations of SUN or SHADE with the 17 narrowband irradiances. Enhancement was calculated for each of the 53 unique spectra by comparing predicted and measured \u03a6<jats:sub>CO2<\/jats:sub>. This study shows that a 23% enhancement occurs in the simulated SHADE spectrum light and involves the whole spectrum, and in the simulated SUN spectrum enhancement is absent. Further enhancement was observed when narrowband irradiances were added to the SUN or SHADE spectra. The exclusion of the far\u2010red region (&gt;\u2009700\u2009nm) by PAR\u2010based light intensity measurement is particularly problematic in natural, far\u2010red\u2010rich, canopy environments where far\u2010red has surprising photosynthetic utility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.15557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T08:32:38Z","timestamp":1746174758000},"page":"6102-6117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Greater Than the Sum of the Parts: Revisiting the Enhancement Effect in Photosynthesis Using Simulated Sun\u2010 and Shade\u2010Light"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Craig R.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Horticulture and Product Physiology group Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The 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