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In this study, we reveal that both endogenous induction and exogenous supplementation of NO significantly enhance resistance to rice stripe virus (RSV), a Bunyavirus that poses a huge threat to rice production. The nitrate transporter OsNPF6.1 potentiates virus resistance by upregulating the expression of <jats:italic>nitrate reductase<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>OsNR2<\/jats:italic>) and subsequent NO biosynthesis. Functional analyses demonstrate that the disease\u2010specific protein (SP) encoded by RSV interacts with OsNPF6.1 to impair its nitrate transport activity, effectively subverting host immunity to facilitate RSV infection. Notably, this host\u2010pathogen interaction exhibits nitrogen dependency: low nitrate availability attenuates the OsNPF6.1\u2010SP association, preserving transporter functionality and virus resistance. Thus, this study not only provides novel insights into the coordination of growth\u2010defense tradeoffs but also proposes actionable strategies for crop protection via optimized nitrogen management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.15626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T06:35:48Z","timestamp":1747722948000},"page":"6493-6508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Nitrate Transporter OsNPF6.1 Promotes Nitric Oxide Signaling and Virus Resistance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8714-089X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuang","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agri\u2010microbiomics and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity and Innovative Utilization, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China"},{"name":"College 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