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CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> sensing in animals is closely related to G proteins. Nonetheless, the role of G proteins in high\u2010concentration CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010regulated stomatal movement in plants remains unclear. Using NaHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> as a CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> source, the results of this study showed that NaHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced stomatal closure and guard cell hydrogen peroxide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) production in wild type plants were disrupted by G\u03b1 inhibitor pertussis toxin (PTX) and in mutants <jats:italic>gpa1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>cG\u03b1\/DF<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>wG\u03b1\/DF<\/jats:italic> but not in <jats:italic>cGa<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>wGa<\/jats:italic> lines. Furthermore, NaHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> upregulated the expression of <jats:italic>GPA1<\/jats:italic> during the early phases of NaHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced stomatal closure. Additionally, G\u03b1 activator cholera toxin (CTX) failed to rescue NaHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced stomatal closure in wild type plants treated with carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors EZ and AZ, as well as in <jats:italic>ca1ca4 mutant<\/jats:italic>. NaHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> also did not induce stomatal closure in <jats:italic>cG\u03b1\/ca1ca4<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>wG\u03b1\/ca1ca4<\/jats:italic> mutants. Notably, NaHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u2010increased CA enzymatic activity was abolished in wild type plants treated with PTX and in <jats:italic>gpa1<\/jats:italic> mutant but remained unaffected in <jats:italic>cGa<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>wGa<\/jats:italic> lines. Moreover, LCI, Pull\u2010down and Co\u2010IP assays displayed that GPA1 interacts with CA1 and CA4. And, NaHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced guard cell H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> production impaired by <jats:italic>ca1ca4<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>cG\u03b1\/ca1ca4<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>wG\u03b1\/ca1ca4<\/jats:italic> mutants. These findings demonstrate that G\u03b1 subunit GPA1 mediates high\u2010concentration CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced stomatal closure by interaction with CA1 and CA4 to promote H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> accumulation in Arabidopsis guard cells. This insight advances our understanding of CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010governing stomatal movement in plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.15645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T06:55:43Z","timestamp":1748328943000},"page":"6704-6721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["G\u03b1 Protein Mediates High\u2010Concentration CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u2010Induced Stomata Closure Through Interaction With Carbonic Anhydrase to Promote Guard Cell Hydrogen Peroxide Production in Arabidopsis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Chen\u2010Xi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Research and Utilisation of Resource Plants on the Loess Plateau, Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Centre for Conversation and Utilisation of Regional Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences Yan'an 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