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The abrupt shift from weak\u2010light in the vegetative phase to high\u2010light in the astaxanthin induction phase triggers severe photodamage during the large\u2010scale cultivation of\n                    <jats:italic>H. lacustris<\/jats:italic>\n                    for astaxanthin production in two phases, causing photobleaching with resultant biomass loss. Current mitigation relies primarily on physical shading. This study found that glutamate\/glutamine supplementation before phase shift mitigated the photodamage caused by sudden high\u2010light stress in\n                    <jats:italic>H. lacustris<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Glutamate rapidly enhanced CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    fixation while simultaneously inducing various photoprotective pathways, including non\u2010photochemical quenching, cyclic electron flow, chlororespiration and photorespiration. This maintained the balance between light absorption and energy utilization in\n                    <jats:italic>H. lacustris<\/jats:italic>\n                    during abrupt environmental shifts, thereby preventing damage on both the donor and acceptor sides in photosystem II. Pre\u2010incubation with glutamate in the dark pre\u2010activated these photoprotective pathways, thus enabling seamless acclimation to high\u2010light stress following abrupt shifts. Meanwhile, glutamine exhibited equivalent efficacy in inducing multiple photoprotective pathways. These findings establish a novel strategy based on dark pretreatment for enhancing photosynthetic capacity under high light and protecting algal cells against photobleaching. The study provides fundamental insights into photoprotective acclimation mechanisms in microalgae and higher plants facing rapid environmental shifts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.70255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T09:59:17Z","timestamp":1762163957000},"page":"891-905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Glutamate and Glutamine Enable Rapid Acclimation of\n                    <i>Haematococcus lacustris<\/i>\n                    to High\u2010Light During Culture Phase Shift by Pre\u2010Activating Photoprotective Pathways"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 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