{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T08:46:32Z","timestamp":1792313192691,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Cell &amp;amp; Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The white\u2010backed planthopper (WBPH;\n                    <jats:italic>Sogatella furcifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is a destructive phloem\u2010feeding hemipteran that significantly limits rice productivity by depleting assimilates and transmitting viral pathogens. Although melatonin is recognised as a multifunctional plant\u2010signalling molecule, its defensive role against WBPH remains inadequately characterised. In this study, we demonstrate that exogenous melatonin application markedly enhances rice resilience to WBPH through coordinated regulation of growth, defence signalling, antioxidant activity and ionic homoeostasis. Melatonin increased seedling survival by up to 384% and reduced early WBPH colonisation by 93%, while delaying symptom onset under sustained pest pressure. Oxidative damage was mitigated by decreasing H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2022\u2212 accumulation by 54% and 23%, respectively, elevating relative water content by 38%, and reducing electrolyte leakage by 44%. Melatonin also stimulated anthocyanin biosynthesis via transcriptional activation of\n                    <jats:italic>PAL<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>CHS<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>F3H<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>DFR<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>ANS<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and promoted endogenous melatonin synthesis by upregulating\n                    <jats:italic>TDC<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>T5H<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ASMT<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>SNAT<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Phytohormonal profiling revealed increased levels of abscisic acid (82%) and salicylic acid (SA, 29%), alongside activation of jasmonic acid and SA pathways through induction of\n                    <jats:italic>LOX<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>AOS<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>AOC<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>PR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>PR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>NPR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Antioxidant capacity was enhanced via elevated activities of APX, CAT, POD, SOD, ABTS and DPPH. Furthermore, melatonin restored Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    homoeostasis and stimulated GABA shunt metabolism, resulting in a 97% increase in succinate accumulation. These findings highlight melatonin's multifaceted role in conferring protection against WBPH by integrating physiological, biochemical and molecular defences, underscoring its potential as a bio\u2010regulatory agent to enhance rice resistance against phloem\u2010feeding insects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.70326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T03:07:07Z","timestamp":1765595227000},"page":"1661-1683","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exogenous Melatonin Modulates Rice Responses to Phloem\u2010Feeding Insect Stress"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5788-3017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahmatullah","family":"Jan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coastal Agriculture Research Institute Kyungpook National University Daegu South 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Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman R.","family":"Elsharkawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Research Northern Border University Arar Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4812-6297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung\u2010Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coastal Agriculture Research Institute Kyungpook National University Daegu South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School Kyungpook National University Daegu South 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