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Two types of CRs, compound and simple, have been identified. However, the difference in their P\u2010mining strategies remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted glasshouse and field experiments to compare the P\u2010acquisition strategies among 18 CR\u2010producing species in Proteaceae and Fabaceae. Proteaceae produced a significantly larger mass of CRs than Fabaceae. Particularly,\n                    <jats:italic>Banksia<\/jats:italic>\n                    species produced the largest mass of compound CRs and exhibited the greatest net plant\u2010absorbed P in pots and consistently higher mature leaf manganese concentration in the field. In contrast,\n                    <jats:italic>Hakea<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Grevillea<\/jats:italic>\n                    species produced less mass of simple CRs but three times as much soil adhered to their CRs per CR dry weight, resulting in greater absorbed P per CR weight. All plants depleted similar P compounds from soil and accessed\n                    <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                    . 52% of P that was not extracted by a NaOH\u2010EDTA solution, suggesting that both CRs shared a common physiological function for mining scarcely available P. This study highlights two divergent P\u2010acquisition strategies: greater biomass investment in compound CRs versus greater P\u2010acquisition efficiency in simple CRs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.70334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T03:46:57Z","timestamp":1766375217000},"page":"1833-1847","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Divergent Phosphorus\u2010Mining Strategies in Simple and Compound Cluster Roots in Extremely Phosphorus\u2010Impoverished Soils in Southwest Australia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9481-966X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirotsuna","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life Hiroshima University Higashi\u2010Hiroshima Japan"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3890-0402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e9ment E.","family":"Gille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Pallavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3937-2509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Functional Forest Ecology Universit\u00e4t Hamburg Hamburg 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J.","family":"Veneklaas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4118-2272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"Lambers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Agriculture Green Academy China Agricultural University Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Forestry University Beijing 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