{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:54:20Z","timestamp":1791287660395,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32401967"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32401967"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Cell &amp; Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Exogenous nitrogen (N) strongly affects soybean nodulation and N fixation; the regulatory mechanisms by which it modulates the flavonoid metabolic network remain largely unclear. In this study, we used a unilateral nodulation system in dual\u2010rooted soybean plants and combined physiological measurements, quantitative real\u2010time PCR (qPCR), and matrix\u2010assisted laser desorption\/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI\u2010MSI) to examine how exogenous N affects flavonoid metabolism, nodule development and N fixation activity. Exogenous N significantly decreased nodule number, dry weight and nitrogenase activity. MALDI\u2010MSI revealed distinct tissue\u2010specific flavonoid distribution patterns: naringenin and its downstream metabolites were enriched in the nitrogen fixation zone (NFZ), whereas isoflavonoids such as daidzein and calycosin primarily accumulated in the cortex (Ctx). Exogenous N disrupted these spatial distributions and caused a progressive reduction in metabolite abundance. qPCR analysis showed that sustained exogenous N suppressed the expression of\n                    <jats:italic>GmCHI1A<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>GmCHI1B1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>GmIFS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>GmIFS2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , while markedly inducing\n                    <jats:italic>GmCHS7<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>GmCHS8<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>GmC4H<\/jats:italic>\n                    , suggesting a reallocation of metabolic flux within the flavonoid pathway. Collectively, these findings indicate that exogenous N reshapes the flavonoid metabolic network, weakens symbiotic signalling and ultimately compromises nodule development and N fixation efficiency.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.70518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T04:21:51Z","timestamp":1775449311000},"page":"5063-5077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatial Variation in Nodule Flavonoids of Soybean by Exogenous Nitrogen"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Chu","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 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