{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T16:20:05Z","timestamp":1785860405976,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Cell &amp;amp; Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Non\u2010photochemical quenching (NPQ) dissipates excess light energy as heat, limiting reactive oxygen species production during photosynthesis. Exogenous antioxidants are widely reported to improve plant performance under stress, yet their impacts on NPQ are inconsistent across studies, complicating mechanistic interpretation. Here, we systematically compared six antioxidants \u2013 ascorbate, chitosan, coenzyme M, reduced glutathione, melatonin, and N\u2010acetyl cysteine \u2013 applied to\n                    <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>\n                    seedlings using individual concentration gradients, under standardised pH and illumination regimes. Antioxidants produced strong, divergent, and context\u2010dependent shifts in NPQ kinetics. Coenzyme M most strongly suppressed NPQ, decreasing induction rate, maximum, and relaxation rate, whereas melatonin and N\u2010acetyl cysteine generally enhanced NPQ maximum or relaxation and ascorbate uniquely accelerated NPQ induction. These effects changed at longer times post application. Using\n                    <jats:italic>psbs<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>vde<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>zep<\/jats:italic>\n                    null mutants, we show that short term ascorbate and coenzyme M NPQ effects require canonical NPQ components. The major contributor to their effects were opposing regulation of the xanthophyll cycle: ascorbate enhanced, while coenzyme M suppressed, light\u2010driven violaxanthin de\u2010epoxidation and altered xanthophyll flux during recovery. These data demonstrate two antioxidant\u2010specific mechanisms, confirming their specificity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.70672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T11:21:21Z","timestamp":1781522481000},"page":"6960-6973","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antioxidants Differentially Regulate Non\u2010Photochemical Quenching"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9598-0539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline","family":"de Rodrigues de Queiroz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA"},{"name":"Nebraska Centre for Plant Science Innovation University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1386-9236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy H.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA"},{"name":"Nebraska Centre for Plant Science Innovation University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7560-973X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole R.","family":"Buan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA"},{"name":"Nebraska Centre for Redox Biology University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2829-8569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie M.","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA"},{"name":"Nebraska Centre for Redox Biology University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8892-1482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Glowacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA"},{"name":"Nebraska Centre for Plant Science Innovation University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA"},{"name":"Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences Pozna\u0144 Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3063-5002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Roston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA"},{"name":"Nebraska Centre for Plant Science Innovation University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.109.068007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.99.1.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092759"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pld3.185"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00192536"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.91.2.542"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00032588"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14020140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22136743"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life15081293"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.12737"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.737312"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erab459"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40502-022-00689-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25245825"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2006.01835.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.00244"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erae023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.110.166181"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20253087"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2019.0406"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10111789"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.00455"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11120-015-0118-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8090384"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-07320-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcac081"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.00677"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2012.04995.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004250050678"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.70617"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2008.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2013.00434"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.107.095562"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-006-0356-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eraf035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11540-006-9015-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aai8878"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.160592"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35000131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M402461200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.14601"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.125.4.1558"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.010924"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.103.2.575"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.10.7.1121"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2017.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760000301331"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00008127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-023-09862-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.15.01935"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0222"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.18980"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2024.154261"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eri181"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted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