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Here, we investigated how ploidy affects cell\u2010level coordination and functional traits associated with water transport and retention. We used glasshouse\u2010grown plants of the carnation\n                    <jats:italic>Dianthus broteri<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a species complex composed of naturally distinct populations differing in cytotype: diploid (2\u00d7), low\u2010polyploid (4\u00d7), and high\u2010polyploid (6\u00d7 and 12\u00d7). Leaf anatomical traits scaled with ploidy: higher\u2010ploidy cytotypes exhibited larger stomata and pavement cells, with coordinated reductions in stomatal and vein densities. However, the 12\u00d7 cytotype deviated from this trend and displayed higher\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>\n                    and thinner epicuticular wax. Stem xylem anatomical traits and hydraulic vulnerability were largely conserved, except for thicker intervessel pit membranes in 6\u00d7 and 12\u00d7 individuals, which correlated with delayed embolism spread (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>25<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). Plant structure\u2013function trait combinations indicate that cytotypes differ in water\u2010use syndromes rather than aligning along a single dimension of drought response. Under drought conditions, lower ploidies maintained functional canopies through reduced water loss, whereas 12\u00d7 showed a less conservative water\u2010use strategy and seasonal canopy loss. Altogether, we provide new insights into how polyploidy can influence drought adaptation and survival strategies via anatomical and functional trait shifts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.70772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T01:21:31Z","timestamp":1785288091000},"page":"8697-8711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Extreme Polyploidy Reveals Functional Trade\u2010Offs in Plant Drought Responses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6354-0800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Jurado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Australia"},{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Vegetal y Ecolog\u00eda, Facultad de Biolog\u00eda Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla Spain"},{"name":"Departamento 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