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Despite their importance, the mechanisms regulating terpenoid biosynthesis remain largely unexplored. Here, in sugarcane, we identified and characterized a terpene synthase gene from\n                    <jats:italic>Saccharum<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. Hybrids,\n                    <jats:italic>ShTPS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which is strongly induced by feeding from fall armyworm\n                    <jats:italic>Spodoptera frugiperda<\/jats:italic>\n                    and sugarcane stem borer\n                    <jats:italic>Chilo infuscatellus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Enzymatic assays\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    revealed that ShTPS1 catalyzes the biosynthesis of volatile terpenoid \u03b2\u2010caryophyllene using substrate farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) and \u03b2\u2010caryophyllene showed a strong repellent effect on\n                    <jats:italic>S. frugiperda<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Chilo infuscatellus<\/jats:italic>\n                    larvae and\n                    <jats:italic>Ceratovacuna lanigera<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>ShTPS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    overexpression\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    in tobacco and sugarcane both significantly enhanced \u03b2\u2010caryophyllene emission and dramatically reduced larval feeding preference. We further revealed that the basic helix\u2010loop\u2010helix transcription factor ShbHLH34 activates\n                    <jats:italic>ShTPS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcription by binding to a G\u2010box motif in its promoter. Notably, this ShbHLH34\u2010mediated\n                    <jats:italic>ShTPS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcription was significantly enhanced by a transcriptional cofactor purine\u2010rich alpha ShPUR. Collectively, our findings establish the ShbHLH34\/ShPUR\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>ShTPS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    regulatory module as a key mechanism underlying herbivore\u2010induced terpenoid biosynthesis in sugarcane and provide promising molecular targets for breeding insect\u2010resistant varieties through genetic improvement.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.70789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T06:38:56Z","timestamp":1786084736000},"page":"9011-9028","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A ShbHLH34\u2010ShPUR Module Activates ShTPS1\u2010mediated \u03b2\u2010caryophyllene Biosynthesis for Insect Resistance in Sugarcane"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Yue\u2010han","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya\u2010xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya\u2010li","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua\u2010ying","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6803-3413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Honglin","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology Louisiana State University AgCenter Baton Rouge Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9919-1940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture Guangxi University Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3442-8470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"San\u2010ji","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0471-2964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin\u2010da","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcaa100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-018-2999-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.13248"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.2011.01501.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.112.095869"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35069058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhae044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.07.066"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"209","article-title":"Breeding of Transgenic Insect\u2010Resistant Sugarcane and Strategies for Preventing its Resistance to Insects from Loss","volume":"36","author":"Feng C. 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