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This review critically distinguishes these interaction types and moves beyond single\u2011stress frameworks to provide a multiscale synthesis of plant responses, soil water\u2013salt dynamics, root\u2011system plasticity, rhizosphere microbiome modulation, emerging breeding modelling and agronomic tools. This review provides a detailed overview of the multilevel damage from these co\u2010occurring stresses, including osmotic shock, ionic toxicity and systemic oxidative damage, and examines plant strategies such as ion homoeostasis, osmotic adjustment and antioxidant responses. Beyond plant\u2010centric views, the review explores epigenetic reprogramming for stress memory and the potential of rhizosphere microbiome engineering with plant growth\u2010promoting rhizobacteria as a biological stress\u2010alleviation strategy. It critically examines how high\u2010throughput multiomics techniques, combined with innovative breeding methods, provide a transformative approach to decode complex tolerance traits and accelerate cultivar development. These techniques cover genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, while the breeding methods include genomic selection and CRISPR\u2010Cas gene editing. Despite progress, key challenges remain: validating combined stress resilience under field conditions, harnessing epigenetic inheritance and integrating microbial solutions into breeding pipelines. We propose a unified framework that merges mechanistic discovery, microbiome\u2010assisted breeding, soil and water management and systems\u2010level predictive modelling. This integrative approach is essential for developing climate\u2010resilient crops to sustain dryland agriculture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.70804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T05:46:51Z","timestamp":1786081611000},"page":"9029-9053","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Crop Resilience to Combined Drought and Salinity Stress in Drylands: From Soil Processes to Genomic Solutions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2915-8461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Adil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isma","family":"Gul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geographical Science and Engineering 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