{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:12:22Z","timestamp":1788876742796,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Cell &amp; Environment"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Plants are dynamic chemical factories that produce diverse specialised metabolites essential for growth, defence, and environmental adaptation. Metabolomes, shaped by genetic architecture, enable plants to respond to abiotic and biotic pressures, including temperature fluctuations. In\n                    <jats:italic>Brassica<\/jats:italic>\n                    systems, warm and humid conditions favour black rot caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Xanthomonas campestris<\/jats:italic>\n                    pv. c\n                    <jats:italic>ampestris<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Xcc<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), whereas cooler temperatures reduce disease pressure, thus influencing seasonal cultivar deployment. In this study, we investigated whether the constitutive metabolomes of two commercially cultivated South African white cabbage (\n                    <jats:italic>Brassica oleracea<\/jats:italic>\n                    var.\n                    <jats:italic>capitata f. alba<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) F1 hybrids reflect adaptation to contrasting seasonal niches and associated disease risk. \u2018Optima\u2019 exhibits intermediate resistance to\n                    <jats:italic>Xcc<\/jats:italic>\n                    , is heat\u2010tolerant and cultivated during summer, whereas \u2018Superslam\u2019, which is more susceptible to\n                    <jats:italic>Xcc,<\/jats:italic>\n                    is grown under cooler late\u2010season conditions when pathogen pressure is diminished. Their metabolomic profiles were characterised using untargeted ultra\u2010high\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (UHPLC\u2013MS). Untargeted metabolomics coupled with multivariate chemometric analysis revealed clear metabolic divergence between the cultivars under controlled conditions. \u2018Optima\u2019 accumulated higher levels of amino acids and related intermediates, including phenylalanine, isoleucine, threonine and 2\u2010oxobutanoate, suggesting enhanced nitrogen remobilisation, branched\u2010chain amino acid biosynthesis, and photorespiratory activity associated with heat adaptation and metabolic flexibility. In contrast, \u2018Superslam\u2019 exhibited elevated levels of flavonoids and diverse glucosinolates, indicating reinforced phenylpropanoid metabolism and constitutive antioxidant capacity consistent with chilling adaptation. Pathway analysis highlighted significant modulation of phenylalanine metabolism, glycine\u2010serine\u2010threonine metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, as well as glucosinolate biosynthesis. These findings reveal distinct constitutive metabolomic architectures associated with seasonal cultivation niches and reported differences in disease resilience. However, the proposed relationships remain correlative and require validation through controlled temperature treatments and pathogen challenge experiments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.70850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:01:51Z","timestamp":1788876111000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Constitutive Metabolomic Profiles Linked to Seasonal Climate Niche Adaptation and Resilience to Black Rot in Cabbage"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Refiloe M. M.","family":"Motsatsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Imbewu Metabolomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science University of Johannesburg Auckland Park Gauteng South Africa"},{"name":"Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Faculty of Science University of Johannesburg Auckland Park Gauteng South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamogelo","family":"Mmotla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imbewu Metabolomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science University of Johannesburg Auckland Park Gauteng South Africa"},{"name":"Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Faculty of Science University of Johannesburg Auckland Park Gauteng South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9079-4769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian A.","family":"Dubery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Faculty of Science University of Johannesburg Auckland Park Gauteng South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6418-6620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Msizi I.","family":"Mhlongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imbewu Metabolomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science University of Johannesburg Auckland Park Gauteng South Africa"},{"name":"Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Faculty of Science University of Johannesburg Auckland Park Gauteng South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10528-022-10269-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2014.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-021-03868-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson \u00d8. M. andM.Jordheim.2010. \u201cAnthocyanins.\u201d In eLS (Ed.).https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9780470015902.a0001909.pub2.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470015902.a0001909.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoacint\/qsae049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.2006.00800.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11041927"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-018-1367-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140611607"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules16010251"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2013.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10111786"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13102818.2019.1584054"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212134"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2017.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27010320"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.20.00433"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspr.2025.102825"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","unstructured":"FAO2024. Agricultural production statistics 2010\u20132023. FAOSTAT Analytical Briefs No. 96.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.13414"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2012.00222"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163572"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-70201-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.15216"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11090578"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2014.00484"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2015.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.54.110807.090623"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture15040360"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture12101725"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stress.2025.100891"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46010007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2023.108246"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13765-017-0340-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhae366"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12101602"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo10080313"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10061097"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12020098"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10091328"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy14051063"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42994-021-00057-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/phyto-05-11-0157"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13213-025-01793-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1323085"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.904163"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods8110587"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.61180\/vegsci.2023.v50.spl.09"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.01030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2020.116165"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-47656-8_7","volume-title":"Metabolomics: From Fundamentals to Clinical Applications","author":"Pinto R. C.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11030165"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56093\/ijas.v94i7.142761"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21061998"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","first-page":"2667","article-title":"Biotechnology and Breeding Approaches to Increase Disease Resistances in Cabbage","volume":"7","author":"Rathore J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12060511"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.01244"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plcell\/koad256"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2025.1707204"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21134792"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11172307"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15020175"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.104.023549"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-007-0082-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10030430"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14101406"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19061759"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpj.2025.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41437-017-0032-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Plant Metabolomics Methods and Applications","author":"Wu J.\u2010F.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23092376"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2040416"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.08.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20163945"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.70177"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhae299"}],"container-title":["Plant, Cell &amp; Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pce.70850","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/pce.70850","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pce.70850","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:01:54Z","timestamp":1788876114000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pce.70850"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pce.70850"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pce.70850","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-7791","1365-3040"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-7791","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3040","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"pce.70850"}}