{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:08:01Z","timestamp":1788869281670,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Cell &amp;amp; Environment"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Hydraulic activation of stomata (HAS), driven by hygroscopic salt films on leaf surfaces, can create an additional pathway for water loss beyond conventional stomatal vapour diffusion, yet this process remains largely overlooked in studies of plant\u2013atmosphere interactions. We conducted the first field\u2010based assessment of HAS\u2010related responses following foliar interception of hygroscopic urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) fertilizer, using eddy covariance (EC) data from five cropland sites (2005\u20132021). During the 10\u2010day period following UAN application, vegetation conductance (\n                    <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>veg<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) increased significantly across barley, winter wheat and maize, while significant increases in the marginal water cost of carbon gain (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bb<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and stomatal sensitivity (\n                    <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) were observed in barley and winter wheat. This pattern could not be attributed to changes in canopy microclimatic conditions or short\u2010term crop growth, and was not observed with alternative liquid mineral fertilizers. Gross primary productivity (GPP) and inferred transpiration (\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) also increased following UAN application, with generally greater responses in\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    than in GPP in most crop\u2013site combinations. The results suggest that UAN\u2010induced HAS alters crop carbon\u2013water exchange at the ecosystem scale. Neglecting HAS in current models may bias predictions of ecosystem water use in fertilized cereals, with broader implications under widespread hygroscopic aerosol deposition.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.70870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T11:12:45Z","timestamp":1788865965000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hydraulic Activation of Stomata Induced by Hygroscopic Fertilizer Salts Alters Crop Carbon\u2013Water Exchange: Field Evidence From Cereal Crops"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4750-0853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuaishuai","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR ECOSYS, INRAE AgroParisTech, Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay Palaiseau France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6539-1143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Burkhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5554-0897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronny","family":"Lauerwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR ECOSYS, INRAE AgroParisTech, Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay Palaiseau France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5954-9925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Flechard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1069 SAS, INRAE, Institut Agro Rennes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4947-7067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Knauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science University of Technology Sydney Ultimo Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9765-9738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Kalalian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR ECOSYS, INRAE AgroParisTech, Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay Palaiseau France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8411-3990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Dumont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ULiege\u2010Gembloux AgroBio\u2010Tech, Plant Sciences Axis, Crop Science Lab. Gembloux Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8789-163X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Mauder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, TUD Dresden University of Technology Tharandt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6621-5010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Br\u00fcmmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Th\u00fcnen Institute of Climate\u2010Smart Agriculture Braunschweig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9197-6417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Viovy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA\u2010CNRS\u2010UVSQ Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay Gif\u2010sur\u2010Yvette France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Loubet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR ECOSYS, INRAE AgroParisTech, Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay Palaiseau France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2004.00863.x","article-title":"Forest and Agricultural Land\u2010Use\u2010Dependent CO2 Exchange in Thuringia, Germany","volume":"10","author":"Anthoni P. M.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-0519-6_48","volume-title":"Progress in Photosynthesis Research","author":"Ball J. T.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12122357","article-title":"Evaluating Leaf Wettability and Salt Hygroscopicity as Drivers for Foliar Absorption","volume":"12","author":"Barlas N. T.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/wbm.12046","article-title":"Hygroscopic Salts Support the Stomatal Penetration of Glyphosate and Influence Its Biological Efficacy","volume":"14","author":"Basi S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Weed Biology and Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2134\/ael2018.05.0026","article-title":"Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Feedbacks on Crop Yields Under Climate Change","volume":"3","author":"Basso B.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agricultural & Environmental Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1890\/09-1988.1","article-title":"Hygroscopic Particles on Leaves: Nutrients or Desiccants?","volume":"80","author":"Burkhardt J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecological Monographs"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2012.04307.x","article-title":"Stomatal Penetration by Aqueous Solutions\u2014An Update Involving Leaf Surface Particles","volume":"196","author":"Burkhardt J.","year":"2012","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2013.00422","article-title":"Breath Figures' on Leaf Surfaces\u2014Formation and Effects of Microscopic Leaf Wetness","volume":"4","author":"Burkhardt J.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2013.04.041","article-title":"Particulate Pollutants Are Capable to \u2018Degrade\u2019 Epicuticular Waxes and to Decrease the Drought Tolerance of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)","volume":"184","author":"Burkhardt J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/plb.12402","article-title":"How Does the VPD Response of Isohydric and Anisohydric Plants Depend on Leaf Surface Particles?","volume":"18","author":"Burkhardt J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aad346","article-title":"Camouflaged as Degraded Wax: Hygroscopic Aerosols Contribute to Leaf Desiccation, Tree Mortality, and Forest Decline","volume":"13","author":"Burkhardt J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environmental Research Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1275358","article-title":"Ambient Aerosols Increase Stomatal Transpiration and Conductance of Hydroponic Sunflowers by Extending the Hydraulic System to the Leaf Surface","volume":"14","author":"Burkhardt J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-10-969-2018","article-title":"Historical Nitrogen Fertilizer Use in Agricultural Ecosystems of the Contiguous United States During 1850\u20132015: Application Rate, Timing, and Fertilizer Types","volume":"10","author":"Cao P.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Earth System Science Data"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.1994.tb02033.x","article-title":"Dynamics of Patchy Stomatal Movements, and Their Contribution to Steady\u2010State and Oscillating Stomatal Conductance Calculated Using Gas\u2010Exchange Techniques","volume":"17","author":"Cardon Z. G.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Plant, Cell & Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12061405","article-title":"Leaf Scorching Following Foliar Fertilization of Wheat With Urea or Urea\u2013Ammonium Nitrate Is Caused by Ammonium Toxicity","volume":"12","author":"Castro S. A. Q.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/27.4.611","article-title":"Atmospheric and Soil Drought Reduce Nocturnal Conductance in Live Oaks","volume":"27","author":"Cavender\u2010Bares J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tree Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7667","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25838-2","article-title":"Unsaturation of Vapour Pressure Inside Leaves of Two Conifer Species","volume":"8","author":"Cernusak L. A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"471","article-title":"Stomatal Function in Relation to Leaf Metabolism and Environment","volume":"31","author":"Cowan I. R.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12216","DOI":"10.1021\/jp105191z","article-title":"Surface Tensions of Inorganic Multicomponent Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions and Melts","volume":"114","author":"Dutcher C. S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Chemistry A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15395","article-title":"On the Minimum Leaf Conductance: Its Role in Models of Plant Water Use, and Ecological and Environmental Controls","volume":"221","author":"Duursma R. A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15953","DOI":"10.1021\/jp040378+","article-title":"Thin Film Water","volume":"108","author":"Ewing G. E.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Chemistry B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6795","DOI":"10.1002\/2017GL074041","article-title":"Constrained Variability of Modeled T: ET Ratio Across Biomes","volume":"44","author":"Fatichi S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geophysical Research Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00630.x","article-title":"Stomatal Responses to Increased CO2: Implications From the Plant to the Global Scale","volume":"18","author":"Field C. B.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Plant, Cell & Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1890\/06-0922.1","article-title":"The Energy Balance Closure Problem: An Overview","volume":"18","author":"Foken T.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecological Applications"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.70421","article-title":"X\u2010Ray Micro\u2010CT Imaging to Study Foliar Water Uptake Mechanisms in Plants With Contrasting Leaf Topography","volume":"248","author":"Frank M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2019.0527","article-title":"Non\u2010Stomatal Processes Reduce Gross Primary Productivity in Temperate Forest Ecosystems During Severe Edaphic Drought","volume":"375","author":"Gourlez De La Motte L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.1990.tb01082.x","article-title":"Plant Response to Atmospheric Humidity","volume":"13","author":"Grantz D. A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Plant, Cell & Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15102","article-title":"Ambient Aerosol Increases Minimum Leaf Conductance and Alters the Aperture\u2013Flux Relationship as Stomata Respond to Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD)","volume":"219","author":"Grantz D. A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2023.108170","article-title":"Leaf Wettability Is the Main Driver for Foliar P Uptake in P\u2010Deficient Maize","volume":"205","author":"Henningsen J. N.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.20009","article-title":"Revisiting Plant Cuticle Biophysics","volume":"244","author":"Heredia A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2012.02570.x","article-title":"Optimal Stomatal Conductance in Relation to Photosynthesis in Climatically Contrasting Eucalyptus Species Under Drought","volume":"36","author":"H\u00e9roult A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant, Cell & Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2021.108430","article-title":"Fifteen\u2010Year Variations of Water Use Efficiency Over a Wheat\u2010Maize Rotation Cropland in the North China Plain","volume":"306","author":"Hu X.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","article-title":"Contribution of Dew to the Water Budget of a Grassland Area in the Netherlands","volume":"42","author":"Jacobs A. F. G.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Water Resources Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2009.01990.x","article-title":"The Relation Between Stomatal Aperture and Gas Exchange Under Consideration of Pore Geometry and Diffusional Resistance in the Mesophyll","volume":"32","author":"Kaiser H.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant, Cell & Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-6-1423-2009","article-title":"Improved Understanding of Drought Controls on Seasonal Variation in Mediterranean Forest Canopy CO2 and Water Fluxes Through Combined in Situ Measurements and Ecosystem Modelling","volume":"6","author":"Keenan T.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201114","article-title":"Bigleaf\u2014An R Package for the Calculation of Physical and Physiological Ecosystem Properties From Eddy Covariance Data","volume":"13","author":"Knauer J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13893","article-title":"Towards Physiologically Meaningful Water\u2010Use Efficiency Estimates From Eddy Covariance Data","volume":"24","author":"Knauer J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.14288","article-title":"The Response of Ecosystem Water\u2010Use Efficiency to Rising Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations: Sensitivity and Large\u2010Scale Biogeochemical Implications","volume":"213","author":"Knauer J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/tpaf055","article-title":"Aerosol Deposition Affects Water Uptake and Water Loss of Beech Leaves","volume":"45","author":"Koch I.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tree Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cocis.2009.11.008","article-title":"Specific Ion Effects in Colloidal and Biological Systems","volume":"15","author":"Kunz W.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00370.x","article-title":"A Critical Appraisal of a Combined Stomatal\u2010Photosynthesis Model for C3 Plants","volume":"18","author":"Leuning R.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Plant, Cell & Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2011.12.002","article-title":"Reflections on the Surface Energy Imbalance Problem","volume":"156","author":"Leuning R.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70381","article-title":"Limited Regulation of Canopy Water Use Efficiency by Stomatal Behavior Under Drought Propagation","volume":"31","author":"Li F.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2018.11.017","article-title":"A Simple and Objective Method to Partition Evapotranspiration Into Transpiration and Evaporation at Eddy\u2010Covariance Sites","volume":"265","author":"Li X.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-018-0207-9","article-title":"Partitioning Global Land Evapotranspiration Using CMIP5 Models Constrained by Observations","volume":"8","author":"Lian X.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Climate Change"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.19308","article-title":"Linking Water Use Efficiency With Water Use Strategy From Leaves to Communities","volume":"240","author":"Liang J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2019.107642","article-title":"Evaluation and Mechanism Exploration of the Diurnal Hysteresis of Ecosystem Fluxes","volume":"278","author":"Lin C.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2017.12.078","article-title":"Diel Ecosystem Conductance Response to Vapor Pressure Deficit Is Suboptimal and Independent of Soil Moisture","volume":"250","author":"Lin C.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate2550","article-title":"Optimal Stomatal Behaviour Around the World","volume":"5","author":"Lin Y.\u2010S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Climate Change"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-7-301-2010","article-title":"Heat Storage in Forest Biomass Improves Energy Balance Closure","volume":"7","author":"Lindroth A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2012.09.010","article-title":"Investigating Discrepancies in Heat, CO2 Fluxes and O3 Deposition Velocity Over Maize as Measured by the Eddy\u2010Covariance and the Aerodynamic Gradient Methods","volume":"169","author":"Loubet B.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-9-181-2017","article-title":"Global Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Use for Agriculture Production in the Past Half Century: Shifted Hot Spots and Nutrient Imbalance","volume":"9","author":"Lu C.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Earth System Science Data"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2014286118","article-title":"Global Tree Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency Is Enhanced by Increased Atmospheric CO2 and Modulated by Climate and Plant Functional Types","volume":"118","author":"Mathias J. M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2010.02375.x","article-title":"Reconciling the Optimal and Empirical Approaches to Modelling Stomatal Conductance","volume":"17","author":"Medlyn B. E.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.14626","article-title":"How Do Leaf and Ecosystem Measures of Water\u2010Use Efficiency Compare?","volume":"216","author":"Medlyn B. E.","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12990","article-title":"Seasonal Variability of the Parameters of the Ball\u2013Berry Model of Stomatal Conductance in Maize (Zea mays L.) and Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Under Well\u2010Watered and Water\u2010Stressed Conditions","volume":"40","author":"Miner G. L.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant, Cell & Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","first-page":"205","article-title":"Evaporation and Environment","volume":"19","author":"Monteith J. L.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6916","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15314","article-title":"Ecosystem Transpiration and Evaporation: Insights From Three Water Flux Partitioning Methods Across FLUXNET Sites","volume":"26","author":"Nelson J. A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2021.108605","article-title":"Effects of Soil Water Content on Forest Ecosystem Water Use Efficiency Through Changes in Transpiration\/Evapotranspiration Ratio","volume":"308","author":"Nie C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate3114","article-title":"The Increasing Importance of Atmospheric Demand for Ecosystem Water and Carbon Fluxes","volume":"6","author":"Novick K. A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Climate Change"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-020-0534-3","article-title":"The FLUXNET2015 Dataset and the ONEFlux Processing Pipeline for Eddy Covariance Data","volume":"7","author":"Pastorello G.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Data"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-014-2245-z","article-title":"Wheat Leaf Properties Affecting the Absorption and Subsequent Translocation of Foliar\u2010Applied Phosphoric Acid Fertiliser","volume":"384","author":"Peirce C. A. E.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant and Soil"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2986","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.15293","article-title":"Stomatal Parameters in a Changing Environment","volume":"48","author":"Potkay A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant, Cell & Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2010.03.008","article-title":"Land Use Regulates Carbon Budgets in Eastern Germany: From NEE to NBP","volume":"150","author":"Prescher A.\u2010K.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aax1853","article-title":"Salt Creeping as a Self\u2010Amplifying Crystallization Process","volume":"5","author":"Qazi M. J.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2005.001002.x","article-title":"On the Separation of Net Ecosystem Exchange Into Assimilation and Ecosystem Respiration: Review and Improved Algorithm","volume":"11","author":"Reichstein M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.114.236323","article-title":"The Competition Between Liquid and Vapor Transport in Transpiring Leaves","volume":"164","author":"Rockwell F. E.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2010.01.009","article-title":"On the Correct Estimation of Effective Leaf Area Index: Does It Reveal Information on Clumping Effects?","volume":"150","author":"Ryu Y.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3747","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-16-3747-2019","article-title":"Reviews and Syntheses: Turning the Challenges of Partitioning Ecosystem Evaporation and Transpiration into Opportunities","volume":"16","author":"Stoy P. C.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2012.11.004","article-title":"A Data\u2010Driven Analysis of Energy Balance Closure Across FLUXNET Research Sites: The Role of Landscape Scale Heterogeneity","volume":"171","author":"Stoy P. C.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2016.06.002","article-title":"Comparing Methods for Partitioning a Decade of Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapor Fluxes in a Temperate Forest","volume":"226","author":"Sulman B. N.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2008.09.010","article-title":"Evapotranspiration of Irrigated and Rainfed Maize\u2013Soybean Cropping Systems","volume":"149","author":"Suyker A. E.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI.18.6.818","article-title":"Photometric, Radiometric, and Quantum Light Units of Measure: A Review of Procedures for Interconversion","volume":"18","author":"Thimijan R. W.","year":"1983","journal-title":"HortScience"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.722710","article-title":"Materials on Plant Leaf Surfaces Are Deliquescent in a Variety of Environments","volume":"13","author":"Tredenick E. C.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/gch2.202300007","article-title":"Sustained Agricultural Spraying: From Leaf Wettability to Dynamic Droplet Impact Behavior","volume":"7","author":"Wang B.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Global Challenges"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","volume-title":"Kirk\u2010Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology","author":"Weston C. W.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1923(02)00109-0","article-title":"Energy Balance Closure at FLUXNET Sites","volume":"113","author":"Wilson K.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2486.1999.00280.x","article-title":"Feedback Significantly Influences the Simulated Effect of CO2 on Seasonal Evapotranspiration From Two Agricultural Species","volume":"5","author":"Wilson K. B.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1038\/175118a0","article-title":"A New Absolute Hygrometer of High Accuracy","volume":"175","author":"Wylie R. G.","year":"1955","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2009.09.030","article-title":"Multi\u2010Scale Quantitative Assessment of the Relative Roles of Climate Change and Human Activities in Desertification\u2014A Case Study of the Ordos Plateau, China","volume":"74","author":"Xu D. Y.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Arid Environments"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab2603","article-title":"Response of Ecosystem Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency and Gross Primary Productivity to Rising Vapor Pressure Deficit","volume":"14","author":"Zhang Q.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environmental Research Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2013.05.009","article-title":"How Should We Model Plant Responses to Drought? An Analysis of Stomatal and Non\u2010Stomatal Responses to Water Stress","volume":"182","author":"Zhou S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1002\/2015WR017766","article-title":"Partitioning Evapotranspiration Based on the Concept of Underlying Water Use Efficiency","volume":"52","author":"Zhou S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Resources Research"}],"container-title":["Plant, Cell &amp; Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pce.70870","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/pce.70870","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pce.70870","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T11:12:57Z","timestamp":1788865977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pce.70870"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pce.70870"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pce.70870","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-7791","1365-3040"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-7791","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3040","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"pce.70870"}}