{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T04:47:52Z","timestamp":1791780472113,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Cell &amp;amp; Environment"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Forests increasingly experience hot droughts, characterized by rising vapour pressure deficits (VPD) and declining soil moisture, highlighting the need to better understand water fluxes within trees. While stomatal conductance and transpiration are well studied, upstream fluxes such as internal stem water storage use and rehydration dynamics remain poorly quantified, despite their importance for maintaining tissue hydration and growth. Here, we quantify storage\u2010water use and rehydration dynamics by combining high\u2010resolution sap flow and dendrometer measurements in mature\n                    <jats:italic>Pinus sylvestris<\/jats:italic>\n                    at the VPDrought experiment of the Pfynwald research platform, where rain\u2010water input and VPD are independently manipulated. Fluxes were analyzed over the 2024 growing season in relation to VPD and soil water potential (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c8<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>soil<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). The relative contribution of internal stem water storage to daily transpiration increased with drought, rising from about 10% under well\u2010watered conditions to up to 55% under dry conditions, mainly caused by reduced transpiration while storage water use is sustained. Notably, under mild soil drought, high nighttime VPD substantially constrained nighttime tissue rehydration fluxes. Overall, our novel framework highlights the dynamic role of stem water storage in modulating water potentials during drought and demonstrates the importance of explicitly considering temporal stem water storage dynamics when assessing tree water\u2010use strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.70908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T04:39:16Z","timestamp":1791779956000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantifying Dynamic Changes in Stem Storage\u2010Water Use and Rehydration in Mature Trees: A Study on\n                    <i>Pinus sylvestris<\/i>\n                    Trees Exposed to Increased Atmospheric and Soil Drought"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7441-1297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard L.","family":"Peters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tree Growth and Wood Physiology, TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Freising Germany"},{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2179-0681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allan","family":"Buras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Land Surface\u2010Atmosphere Interactions, TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Freising Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon Armand","family":"Grichting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences \u2010 Botany University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0158-8892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"Schaub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9113-3671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Grossiord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland"},{"name":"Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering ENAC, EPFL Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7528-9644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Bortolami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland"},{"name":"Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering ENAC, EPFL Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8975-7845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Gisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8363-656X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volodymyr","family":"Trotsiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1910-9589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur","family":"Gessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Terrestrial Ecoystems, ETH Zurich Universit\u00e4tstrasse 16 Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4623-6249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrin","family":"Meusburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6900-5684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Hunziker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7823-5163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ansgar","family":"Kahmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences \u2010 Botany University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1944-4042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Rigling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Terrestrial Ecoystems, ETH Zurich Universit\u00e4tstrasse 16 Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1790-8563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenz","family":"Walthert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1569-1724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Klesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland"},{"name":"Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9438-0582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"Zweifel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185481","article-title":"Plant Water Potential Improves Prediction of Empirical Stomatal Models","volume":"12","author":"Anderegg W. 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C.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant, Cell & Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143346","article-title":"Plantecophys\u2010An R Package for Analysing and Modelling Leaf Gas Exchange Data","volume":"10","author":"Duursma R. A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15395","article-title":"On the Minimum Leaf Conductance: Its Role in Models of Plant Water Use, and Ecological and Environ\u2010Mental Controls","volume":"221","author":"Duursma R. 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A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tree Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29289-2","article-title":"Global Field Observations of Tree Die\u2010Off Reveal Hotter\u2010Drought Fingerprint for Earth's Forests","volume":"13","author":"Hammond W. M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.14206","article-title":"Reproductive Water Supply Is Prioritized During Drought in Tomato","volume":"45","author":"Harrison Day B. 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G.","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1111\/plb.13476","article-title":"Root Water Uptake Depth Determines the Hydraulic Vulnerability of Temperate European Tree Species During the Extreme 2018 Drought","volume":"24","author":"Kahmen A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/eco.2322","article-title":"Dynamic 2H Irrigation Pulse Labelling Reveals Rapid Infiltration and Mixing of Precipitation in the Soil and Species\u2010Specific Water Uptake Depths of Trees in a Temperate Forest","volume":"14","author":"Kahmen A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecohydrology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12289","article-title":"The Variability of Stomatal Sensitivity to Leaf Water Potential Across Tree Species Indicates a Continuum Between Isohydric and Anisohydric Behaviours","volume":"28","author":"Klein T.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Functional Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.17546","article-title":"No Future Growth Enhancement Expected at the Northern Edge for European Beech Due to Continued Water Limitation","volume":"30","author":"Klesse S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.3390\/f12060765","article-title":"Processing and Extraction of Seasonal Tree Physiological Parameters From Stem Radius Time Series","volume":"12","author":"Kn\u00fcsel S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Forests"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/tpt055","article-title":"Stem Water Storage in Five Coexisting Temperate Broad\u2010Leaved Tree Species: Significance, Temporal Dynamics and Dependence on Tree Functional Traits","volume":"33","author":"Kocher P.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tree Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(65)90077-9","article-title":"An Analysis of Irreversible Plant Cell Elongation","volume":"8","author":"Lockhart J. 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