{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T14:10:05Z","timestamp":1790259005976,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Cell &amp; Environment"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Soil heavy metal contamination\u2014including cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn) excess, and copper (Cu) excess\u2014poses a critical threat to sustainable agriculture and food safety. Membrane transport proteins serve as primary interfaces governing ion entry, subcellular compartmentalization, and long\u2010distance redistribution. This review integrates recent advances across multiple scales to construct a unified regulatory framework: (i) at the cell periphery, plasma membrane transporters of the NRAMP, ZIP, and COPT families mediate metal influx, whereas efflux transporters and cell wall modifications limit cytosolic accumulation; (ii) at the subcellular level, vacuolar HMA and ABCC transporters drive sequestration, coordinated by COPII\u2010mediated forward trafficking, ESCRT\u2010dependent turnover, and autophagy\u2010based quality control; (iii) at the signaling level, Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010ROS\u2010MAPK cascades and lipid microdomain dynamics modulate transporter activity through phosphorylation and endocytic sorting; and (iv) at the whole\u2010plant level, xylem\u2010phloem transport and systemic signals (Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    waves, ROS, jasmonic acid) coordinate root\u2010shoot communication. The strength of evidence distinguishing in planta validation from heterologous inference is critically evaluated, the biological trade\u2010offs associated with transporter manipulation are addressed, and species\u2010specific strategies contrasting hyperaccumulators with low\u2010accumulation food crops are discussed. Finally, the potential of cryo\u2010electron microscopy (cryo\u2010EM), single\u2010cell transcriptomics, genetically encoded sensors, and rhizosphere engineering in reshaping this field is outlined. This synthesis aims to provide a roadmap for developing crops with low metal accumulation and high stress tolerance through precision breeding and gene editing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.70915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:52:52Z","timestamp":1790257972000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multilevel Mechanisms by Which Membrane Transport Proteins Regulate Plant Responses to Heavy Metal Stress: From Ion Perception and Uptake Control to Systemic Signaling and Translational Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0634-0812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liuliu","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University Xinyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lifan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University Xinyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University Xinyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shumei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University Xinyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture Henan Institute of Science and Technology Xinxiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halyna","family":"Zhatova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Sumy National Agrarian University Sumy Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University Xinyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengli","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University Xinyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingming","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University Xinyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongli","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University Xinyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanlin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University Xinyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University Xinyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.643972","article-title":"Toxic Mechanisms of Five Heavy Metals: Mercury, Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, and 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