{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:02:12Z","timestamp":1790164932327,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFD1400800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1400800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Cell &amp; Environment"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Aphid feeding begins with brief exploratory probing and transitions to prolonged phloem ingestion, yet whether these distinct phases trigger different plant immune programs remains unknown. We show that probing and phloem feeding are associated with distinct plant immune cascades. Under probing\u2010enriched conditions, we observed selective activation of jasmonate (JA) signaling, accompanied by significant ROS bursts and vascular callose deposition, whereas phloem feeding elicits only marginal salicylic acid accumulation. Probing\u2010enriched conditions imposes severe fitness penalties on aphids, a phenotype recapitulated by exogenous methyl jasmonate. Consistent with this, aphids exhibit high feeding\u2011site fidelity, which likely minimizes probing events and helps evade these penalties. Transcriptome analysis identified the squash\u2011type trypsin protease inhibitor CsTrypPI1, characterized by six conserved cysteines, as a JA\u2010dependent component upregulated under probing\u2010enriched conditions. Recombinant CsTrypPI1 directly impairs aphid survival and fecundity in artificial diet assays. Transgenic cucumber lines constitutively over\u2011expressing\n                    <jats:italic>CsTrypPI1<\/jats:italic>\n                    displayed broad\u2011spectrum resistance against the aphid\n                    <jats:italic>Aphis gossypii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the whitefly\n                    <jats:italic>Bemisia tabaci<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and the lepidopteran\n                    <jats:italic>Spodoptera litura<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Our findings indicate that the probing versus phloem feeding comparison defines two distinct immunological trajectories, which helps reconcile conflicting evidence on JA and SA roles in plant and phloem\u2011feeder interactions. The identification of CsTrypPI1 as a broad\u2011spectrum resistance candidate highlights this behavioral\u2010immunological interface as a promising intervention point for sustainable pest management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.70916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:19:28Z","timestamp":1790162368000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Aphid Probing and Phloem Feeding Trigger Distinct Plant Immune Programs, Identifying a Broad\u2011Spectrum Trypsin Protease Inhibitor"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1020-9040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeyu","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Science &amp; Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinting","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Science &amp; Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xichen","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Science &amp; Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanwei","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Science &amp; Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9904-1352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongmo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Science &amp; Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s41348-024-01002-z","article-title":"Unraveling Insect Feeding Patterns and Their Ecological Impacts on Plant Defense Mechanisms","volume":"132","author":"Abbas A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485321000456","article-title":"Previous Herbivory Modulates Aphid Population Growth and Plant Defense Responses in a Non\u2010Model Plant, Carthamus tinctorius (Asteraceae)","volume":"111","author":"Amiri Domari M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bulletin of Entomological Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(92)90113-R","article-title":"Feeding by the Leafhopper, Homalodisca coagulata, in Relation to Xylem Fluid Chemistry and Tension","volume":"38","author":"Andersen P. 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