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Because the maintenance of symbiosis requires abundant carbon (C) sources, legumes regulate the balance between carbon consumption and nitrogen acquisition by systemically controlling the nodule number through CLAVATA1 (CLV1)\u2010like receptors. In\n                    <jats:italic>Lotus japonicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the CLV1\u2010like receptor HYPERNODULATION ABERRANT ROOT FORMATION1 (HAR1) acts in shoots to regulate root nodulation and contributes to symbiotic C\/N coordination. This raises the possibility that HAR1 may also influence plant growth and nitrogen utilisation beyond symbiotic nodulation. In this study, we showed that HAR1 plays a critical role in regulating nitrogen use to enhance growth under conditions of high nitrate availability, even in non\u2010symbiotic environments. Unlike the wild\u2010type, the\n                    <jats:italic>har1<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant failed to increase its growth in response to higher nitrate availability. This lack of growth response was associated with a lower rate of net biomass production per unit leaf area and a reduced capacity for biomass production per unit plant nitrogen. We further found that nitrate\u2010responsive TCA cycle\u2010related organic acids were higher in\n                    <jats:italic>har1<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaves than in wild\u2010type leaves even under low nitrate conditions. Because the HAR1 mutation did not affect photosynthetic traits, we propose that HAR1 promotes growth under non\u2010symbiotic conditions by coordinating nitrogen utilisation with primary metabolism.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.70923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:18:50Z","timestamp":1790763530000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Lotus japonicus<\/i>\n                    CLV1\u2010Like Receptor HAR1 Promotes Nitrogen Utilisation and Growth Under Non\u2010Symbiotic Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1423-9528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nao","family":"Okuma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki Japan"},{"name":"SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies) Okazaki 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