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Since the seminal discovery that aberrant mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression has a causative role in leukemogenesis, the involvement of mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s in cancer initiation, propagation, and metastasis has been widely studied. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the literature on mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s in melanoma, specifically focusing on aberrations in cellular mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> biogenesis and processing. These aberrations include genetic and epigenetic changes at the chromosomal level, alterations in the level of the mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010processing enzyme <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DICER<\/jats:styled-content>, and the existence of competitive endogenous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s that serve as decoys for mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s and thus modulate their effective intracellular concentrations. We also discuss mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> profiling in melanoma, review several mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s implicated in invasion, metastasis, proliferation, and apoptosis, and briefly summarize the cross talk between mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s and microphthalmia\u2010associated transcription factor, the master transcriptional regulator of the melanocyte lineage. Finally, we summarize recent studies of mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression as prognostic and predictive biomarkers, as well as initial experiments on the use of mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s and small interfering <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s as therapeutic agents in melanoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,7]],"date-time":"2012-09-07T15:25:04Z","timestamp":1347031504000},"page":"740-757","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Aberrations in the micro\u2010<scp>RNA<\/scp> biogenesis machinery and the emerging roles of micro\u2010<scp>RNA<\/scp>s in the pathogenesis of cutaneous malignant melanoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Raya","family":"Leibowitz\u2010Amit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer Israel"},{"name":"Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yechezkel","family":"Sidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer Israel"},{"name":"Department of Medicine C Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer Israel"},{"name":"Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dror","family":"Avni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer Israel"},{"name":"Department of Medicine C Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2011.00931.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-2912"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35020115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0b013e32834f6fbb"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2011.00849.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-010-0394-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000336886"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Borderline and atypical melanocytic lesions","volume":"2","author":"Brodell R.T.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Semin. 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