{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T16:57:50Z","timestamp":1782493070039,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,21]],"date-time":"2012-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1353456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US SEER<\/jats:styled-content>17 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>egistry data, age\u2010specific melanoma incidence rates were calculated and comparisons were made between males and females. Relative <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>isk (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>) for males and females in each age group was computed and compared with that from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ordic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>ancer <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>egistry data set and to that for non\u2010melanoma skin cancer (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMSC<\/jats:styled-content>). For age groups 44 and younger, females showed higher incidence rates, with a peak difference at age 20\u201324 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a02.01, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.21\u20133.33). Males exhibited higher incidence rates after age 44. The same bimodal gender difference was confirmed by the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ordic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>ancer <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>egistry data set, but it was not observed for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMSC<\/jats:styled-content>, which is known to be strongly associated with cumulative exposure to solar <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content> radiation. We conclude that exposure to solar ultraviolet (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>) radiation is the major causative factor for melanoma at older age (&gt;44\u00a0yr), but that other factors may play a role in early onset melanomas, particularly in females.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,24]],"date-time":"2012-10-24T22:55:38Z","timestamp":1351119338000},"page":"128-135","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["A unique gender difference in early onset melanoma implies that in addition to ultraviolet light exposure other causative factors are important"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Feng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California Irvine CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leona","family":"Bessonova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of California Irvine CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute University of California Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas H.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California Irvine CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of California Irvine CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute University of California Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Argyrios","family":"Ziogas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California Irvine CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of California Irvine CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute University of California Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Frank L.","family":"Meyskens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California Irvine CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California Irvine CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Public Health University of California Irvine CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry University of California Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoda","family":"Anton\u2010Culver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California Irvine CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of California Irvine CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute University of California Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2010.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2010.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-0503"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2009.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2009.00656.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2006.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050092"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1550-8579(07)80061-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901518"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.08.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"799","article-title":"Endocrine responsiveness in human melanocytes and melanoma cells in culture","volume":"66","author":"Fuller B.B.","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. 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