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However, despite being commonly observed, we know very little about them. Here, we review the current status of knowledge about freckles and propose a model for their formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,12]],"date-time":"2014-02-12T07:32:05Z","timestamp":1392190325000},"page":"339-350","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Sun\u2010induced freckling: ephelides and solar lentigines"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7514-5333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Praetorius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Biomedical Center Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Sturm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melanogenix Group Institute for Molecular Bioscience The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia"},{"name":"Dermatology Research Centre School of Medicine The University of Queensland Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eirikur","family":"Steingrimsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Biomedical Center Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(85)70219-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.07.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)80224-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.1999.tb00765.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/10.16.1701"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2004.00131.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.6.457"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddm177"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20788"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1877-1173(09)88004-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2010.11.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910620402"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/6.11.1891"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1957.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1958.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1964.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2000.130203.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0303-6987.2004.00210.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2009.00957.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(92)80820-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3194"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"287","article-title":"The melanocortin receptors: agonists, antagonists, and the hormonal control of pigmentation","volume":"51","author":"Cone R.D.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Recent Prog. 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