{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T07:46:36Z","timestamp":1777189596898,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,7]],"date-time":"2015-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>How skin colour adjusts to circadian light\/dark cycles is poorly understood. Melanopsin (Opn4) is expressed in melanophores, where in\u00a0vitro studies suggest it regulates skin pigmentation through a \u2018primary colour response\u2019 in which light photosensitivity is translated directly into pigment movement. However, the entrainment of the circadian rhythm is regulated by a population of melanopsin\u2010expressing retinal ganglion cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRGC<\/jats:styled-content>s) in the eye. Therefore, in\u00a0vivo<jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic> melanopsin may trigger a \u2018secondary colour response\u2019 initiated in the eye and controlled by the neuro\u2010endocrine system. We analysed the expression of <jats:italic>opn4m<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>opn4x<\/jats:italic> and melanin aggregation induced by light (background adaptation) in <jats:italic>Xenopus laevis<\/jats:italic> embryos. While <jats:italic>opn4m<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>opn4x<\/jats:italic> are expressed at early developmental times, light\u2010induced pigment aggregation requires the eye to become functional. Pharmacological inhibition of melanopsin suggests a model whereby <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRGC<\/jats:styled-content> activation lightens skin pigmentation via a secondary response involving negative regulation of alpha\u2010melanocyte\u2010stimulating hormone (<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSH<\/jats:styled-content>) secretion by the pituitary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,19]],"date-time":"2015-06-19T22:53:41Z","timestamp":1434754421000},"page":"559-571","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Melanopsin photoreception in the eye regulates light\u2010induced skin colour changes through the production of <i>\u03b1<\/i>\u2010<scp>MSH<\/scp> in the pituitary gland"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Gabriel E.","family":"Bertolesi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carrie L.","family":"Hehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"McFarlane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.5.1789"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4165-09.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00313970"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2012.2987"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8104-9-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2012007500088"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052413"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2006.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1327.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2014.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(83)90088-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(90)90089-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b400092g"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5413.502"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(01)10004-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-18-07093.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2004.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069609"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-09-03339.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.04-04-01130.1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"173","article-title":"The spatio\u2010temporal framework of melanogenic induction in pigmented retinal cells of Xenopus laevis","volume":"60","author":"Hoperskaya O.A.","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. 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