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To explore the mechanism underlying this effect, we previously showed that the oxidation of RD<\/jats:styled-content> with mushroom or human tyrosinase produces cytotoxic quinone oxidation products and RD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013eumelanin exerts a potent pro\u2010oxidant activity. Cellular antioxidants were oxidized by RD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013eumelanin with a concomitant production of H2<\/jats:sub>O2<\/jats:sub>. In this study, we examined whether this pro\u2010oxidant activity of RD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013eumelanin is enhanced by ultraviolet A (UVA<\/jats:styled-content>) radiation because most RD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013induced leukoderma lesions are found in sun\u2010exposed areas. Exposure to a physiological level of UVA<\/jats:styled-content> (3.5\u00a0mW\/cm2<\/jats:sup>) induced a two to fourfold increase in the rates of oxidation of GSH<\/jats:styled-content>, cysteine, ascorbic acid, and NADH<\/jats:styled-content>. This oxidation was oxygen\u2010dependent and was accompanied by the production of H2<\/jats:sub>O2<\/jats:sub>. These results suggest that RD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013eumelanin is cytotoxic to melanocytes through its potent pro\u2010oxidant activity that is enhanced by UVA<\/jats:styled-content> radiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,23]],"date-time":"2018-02-23T14:16:48Z","timestamp":1519395408000},"page":"523-528","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The potent pro\u2010oxidant activity of rhododendrol\u2013eumelanin is enhanced by ultraviolet A radiation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9182-5144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shosuke","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences Toyoake Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Misa","family":"Agata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Fujita 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