{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:48:07Z","timestamp":1791229687913,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]],"date-time":"2018-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P41\u2010EB015890"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P41\u2010EB015890"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01CA195466\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01CA195466\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Melasma is a skin disorder characterized by hyperpigmented patches due to increased melanin production and deposition. In this pilot study, we evaluate the potential of multiphoton microscopy (MPM) to characterize non\u2010invasively the melanin content, location, and distribution in melasma and assess the elastosis severity. We employed a clinical MPM tomograph to image in vivo morphological features in melasma lesions and adjacent normal skin in 12 patients. We imaged dermal melanophages in most dermal melasma lesions and occasionally in epidermal melasma. The melanin volume fraction values measured in epidermal melasma (14%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04%) were significantly higher (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) than the values measured in perilesional skin (11%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03%). The basal keratinocytes of melasma and perilesions showed different melanin distribution. Elastosis was predominantly more severe in lesions than in perilesions and was associated with changes in melanin distribution of the basal keratinocytes. These results demonstrate that MPM may be a non\u2010invasive imaging tool for characterizing melasma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T12:45:07Z","timestamp":1543668307000},"page":"403-411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["In vivo multiphoton microscopy of melasma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2465-9937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Griffin","family":"Lentsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute, Laser Microbeam and Medical Program University of California  Irvine California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihaela","family":"Balu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute, Laser Microbeam and Medical Program University of California  Irvine California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute, Laser Microbeam and Medical Program University of California  Irvine California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanghoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute, Laser Microbeam and Medical Program University of California  Irvine California"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Soonchunhyang University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald M.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of California  Irvine California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophotonics and Laser Technology Saarland University  Saarbrucken Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4944-9274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anand","family":"Ganesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of California  Irvine California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce J.","family":"Tromberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute, Laser Microbeam and Medical Program University of California  Irvine California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nirmala","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unilever R&amp;D  Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uma","family":"Santhanam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unilever R&amp;D  Trumbull Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7895-8882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoj","family":"Misra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unilever R&amp;D  Trumbull Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03633.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22655"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.7.004375"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.20.12.120501"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"1068","article-title":"In vivo multiphoton microscopy of basal cell carcinoma","volume":"151","author":"Balu M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"JamaDermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2688","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-2582","article-title":"Distinguishing between benign and malignant melanocytic nevi by in vivo multiphoton microscopy","volume":"74","author":"Balu M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"CancerResearch"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2151237X.2007.10129236"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12507866"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12453"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2960016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1977.tb06132.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"s38","article-title":"Assessment of a superficial chemical peel combined with a multimodal, hydroquinone\u2010free skin brightener using in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy","volume":"12","author":"Goberdhan L. 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